The DOI matches its Crossref record; 84 of the 84 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Loss of the Martian atmosphere to space: Present-day loss rates determined from MAVEN observations and integrated loss through time
Open accessAbstract
Observations of the Mars upper atmosphere made from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft have been used to determine the loss rates of gas from the upper atmosphere to space for a complete Mars year (16 Nov 2014 – 3 Oct 2016). Loss rates for H and O are sufficient to remove ∼2-3 kg/s to space. By itself, this loss would be significant over the history of the planet. In addition, loss rates would have been greater early in history due to the enhanced solar EUV and more-active Sun. Integrated loss, based on current processes whose escape rates in the past are adjusted according to expected solar evolution, would have been as much as 0.8 bar CO2 or 23 m global equivalent layer of H2O; these losses are likely to be lower limits due to the nature of the extrapolation of loss rates to the earliest times. Combined with the lack of surface or subsurface reservoirs for CO2 that could hold remnants of an early, thick atmosphere, these results suggest that loss of gas to space has been the dominant process responsible for changing the climate of Mars from an early, warmer environment to the cold, dry one that we see today.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Ribas, I., Guinan, E. F., Gudel, M., & Audard, M. (2005) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/427977 · Cited by 855
The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) Mission
Jakosky, B. M., Lin, R. P., Grebowsky, J. M., Luhmann, J. G., Mitchell, D. F., Beutelschies, G., Priser, T., Acuna, M., Andersson, L., Baird, D., et al. (2015) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-015-0139-x · Cited by 813
Self-citationThe case for a wet, warm climate on early Mars
Pollack, J. B., Kasting, J. F., Richardson, S. M., & Poliakoff, K. (1987) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90147-3 · Cited by 592
Ionospheres: physics, plasma physics, and chemistry
Schunk, R. W., & Nagy, A. F. (2009) · International Linear Collider · Cited by 569
Self-citationThe MAVEN Magnetic Field Investigation
Connerney, J. E. P., Espley, J., Lawton, P., Murphy, S., Odom, J., Oliversen, R., & Sheppard, D. (2015) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-015-0169-4 · Cited by 551
Self-citationAncient Geodynamics and Global-Scale Hydrology on Mars
Phillips, R. J., Zuber, M. T., Solomon, S. C., Golombek, M. P., Jakosky, B. M., Banerdt, W. B., Smith, D. E., Williams, R. M. E., Hynek, B. M., Aharonson, O., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1058701 · Cited by 506
Self-citationThe chaotic obliquity of the planets
Laskar, J., & Robutel, P. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361608a0 · Cited by 499 · cited 1×
“2°, by large amounts; it can be as low as 0° or as high as 60°, and a long-term average may be closer to 40° (e.g., Laskar, 1989; Laskar and Robutel, 1993).”
BackgroundMars' volatile and climate history
Jakosky, B. M., & Phillips, R. J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35084184 · Cited by 482
Self-citationA numerical experiment on the chaotic behaviour of the Solar System
Laskar, J. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/338237a0 · Cited by 475
The Solar Wind Ion Analyzer for MAVEN
Halekas, J. S., Taylor, E. R., Dalton, G., Johnson, G., Curtis, D. W., McFadden, J. P., Mitchell, D. L., Lin, R. P., & Jakosky, B. M. (2015) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-013-0029-z · Cited by 448
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 18
- Chaffin, 2014, Unexpected variability of Martian hydrogen escape, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 10.1002/2013GL058578 · doi:10.1002/2013gl058578
- Clarke, 2014, A rapid decrease of the hydrogen corona of Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 8013, 10.1002/2014GL061803 · doi:10.1002/2014gl061803
- Curry, 2015, Response of Mars O+ pickup ions to the 8 March 2014 ICME: Inferences from MAVEN data-based models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 9095, 10.1002/2015GL065304 · doi:10.1002/2015gl065304
- Curry, 2018, MAVEN observations of atmospheric escape during space weather events in solar cycle 24, J. Geophys. Res.
- Deighan, 2015, MAVEN IUVS observation of the hot oxygen corona at Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 10.1002/2015GL065487 · doi:10.1002/2015gl065487
- Dong, 2015, Strong plume fluxes at Mars observed by MAVEN: an important planetary ion escape channel, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 10.1002/2015GL065346 · doi:10.1002/2015gl065346
- Dubinin, 2008, Field-aligned currents and parallel electric field potential drops at Mars. Scaling from the Earth’ aurora, Planet. Space Sci., 56, 868, 10.1016/j.pss.2007.01.019 · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2007.01.019
- Egan, 2018, Comparison of global Martian plasma models in the context of MAVEN observations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123
- Halekas, 2017, Seasonal variability of the hydrogen exosphere of Mars, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 122, 10.1002/2017JE005306 · doi:10.1002/2017je005306
- Jakosky, 1995, Out on a limb: Martian atmospheric dust opacity during the past hundred years, Icarus, 117, 352, 10.1006/icar.1995.1161 · doi:10.1006/icar.1995.1161
- Jakosky, 2015, The MAVEN mission to Mars, Space Sci. Rev.
- Leblanc, 2015, Mars heavy ion precipitating flux as measured by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 10.1002/2015GL066170 · doi:10.1002/2015gl066170
- McClintock, 2014, The Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) for the MAVEN mission, Space Sci. Rev.
- McElroy, 1976, Oxidation of the Martian surface: Constraints due to chemical processes in the atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 3, 569, 10.1029/GL003i009p00569 · doi:10.1029/gl003i009p00569
- McFadden, 2015, The MAVEN Suprathermal and thermal Ion Composition (STATIC) instrument, Space Sci. Rev., 10.1007/s11214-015-0175-6 · doi:10.1007/s11214-015-0175-6
- Parkinson, 1972, Spectroscopy and aeronomy of O2 on Mars, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1380, 10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029<1380:SAAOOO>2.0.CO;2 · doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029<1380:saaooo>2.0.co;2
- Rahmati, 2017, MAVEN measured oxygen and hydrogen pickup ions: Probing the Martian exosphere and neutral escape, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 122, 10.1002/2016JA023371 · doi:10.1002/2016ja023371
- Yiğit, 2015, High-altitude gravity waves in the Martian thermosphere observed by MAVEN/NGIMS and modeled by a gravity wave scheme, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 8993, 10.1002/2015GL065307 · doi:10.1002/2015gl065307
Cited by
Cyanobacteria and microalgae in supporting human habitation on Mars
Mapstone, L. J., Leite, M. N., Purton, S., Crawford, I. A., & Dartnell, L. (2022) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107946 · Cited by 92
Carbonate Detection With SuperCam in Igneous Rocks on the Floor of Jezero Crater, Mars
Clavé, E., Benzerara, K., Meslin, P. ‐., Forni, O., Royer, C., Mandon, L., Beck, P., Quantin‐Nataf, C., Beyssac, O., Cousin, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets · doi:10.1029/2022je007463 · Cited by 93
Sukhinov, D. V., Gotovtsev, P. M., & Sergeeva, Y. E. (2023) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.07.006 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Jakosky, B. M., Brain, D., Chaffin, M., Curry, S., Deighan, J., Grebowsky, J., Halekas, J., Leblanc, F., Lillis, R., Luhmann, J. G., Andersson, L., Andre, N., Andrews, D., Baird, D., Baker, D., Bell, J., Benna, M., Bhattacharyya, D., Bougher, S., Bowers, C., Chamberlin, P., Chaufray, J.-Y., Clarke, J., Collinson, G., Combi, M., Connerney, J., Connour, K., Correira, J., Crabb, K., Crary, F., Cravens, T., Crismani, M., Delory, G., Dewey, R., DiBraccio, G., Dong, C., Dong, Y., Dunn, P., Egan, H., Elrod, M., England, S., Eparvier, F., Ergun, R., Eriksson, A., Esman, T., Espley, J., Evans, S., Fallows, K., Fang, X., Fillingim, M., Flynn, C., Fogle, A., Fowler, C., Fox, J., Fujimoto, M., Garnier, P., Girazian, Z., Groeller, H., Gruesbeck, J., Hamil, O., Hanley, K. G., Hara, T., Harada, Y., Hermann, J., Holmberg, M., Holsclaw, G., Houston, S., Inui, S., Jain, S., Jolitz, R., Kotova, A., Kuroda, T., Larson, D., Lee, Y., Lee, C., Lefevre, F., Lentz, C., Lo, D., Lugo, R., Ma, Y.-J., Mahaffy, P., Marquette, M. L., Matsumoto, Y., Mayyasi, M., Mazelle, C., McClintock, W., McFadden, J., Medvedev, A., Mendillo, M., Meziane, K., Milby, Z., Mitchell, D., Modolo, R., Montmessin, F., Nagy, A., Nakagawa, H., Narvaez, C., Olsen, K., Pawlowski, D., Peterson, W., Rahmati, A., Roeten, K., Romanelli, N., Ruhunusiri, S., Russell, C., Sakai, S., Schneider, N., Seki, K., Sharrar, R., Shaver, S., Siskind, D. E., Slipski, M., Soobiah, Y., Steckiewicz, M., Stevens, M. H., Stewart, I., Stiepen, A., Stone, S., Tenishev, V., Terada, N., Terada, K., Thiemann, E., Tolson, R., Toth, G., Trovato, J., Vogt, M., Weber, T., Withers, P., Xu, S., Yelle, R., Yiğit, E., & Zurek, R.
- Venue
- Icarus
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-11
- Volume
- 315
- Pages
- 146-157
- ISSN
- 0019-1035 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2805049639
- Cited by
- 344
- References
- 84
- FWCI
- 20.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Loss of the Martian atmosphere to space: Present-day loss rates determined from MAVEN observations and integrated loss through time. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.030
- The paper
- Jakosky, B. M., Brain, D., Chaffin, M., Curry, S., Deighan, J., Grebowsky, J., Halekas, J., Leblanc, F., Lillis, R., Luhmann, J. G., Andersson, L., Andre, N., Andrews, D., Baird, D., Baker, D., Bell, J., Benna, M., Bhattacharyya, D., Bougher, S., . . . Zurek, R. (2018). Loss of the Martian atmosphere to space: Present-day loss rates determined from MAVEN observations and integrated loss through time. Icarus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.030
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.