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The variation on structure and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide during the longan pulp fermentation
Abstract
In the current study, the effects of fermentation manners on the structure and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide in longan wine or vinegar were investigated. Compared to longan polysaccharide (CP1), polysaccharide in longan wine (CP2) or vinegar (CP3 and CP4) had smaller molecular weights, and was consisted of more mannose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and less glucose. After purification, the major fraction (P1-P4) was obtained from CP1-CP4, respectively. The structures and immunoregulatory activities of P1-P4 were characterized. Fermentation and purification were favorable to increase the immunoregulatory activities of P2-P4, which were contributed to their different structural features. The structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that molecular weight, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose and arabinose were significantly associated with the cytokines secretion. Compared with other polysaccharides, P3 displayed better immunomodulatory activity due to its lower molecular weight, lower contents of rhamnose and glucose, and higher levels of mannose and arabinose by activating MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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“the polysaccharides, including mannose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, and a lesser amount of glucose, in longan vinegar can promote cytokine secretion by activating the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways [74].”
From The Metabolic Pathways of Yeast and Acetic Acid Bacteria During Fruit Vinegar Fermentation and Their Influence on Flavor Development (2025) · cites this paper as [74]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hu, T.-G., Zhu, W.-L., Yu, Y.-S., Zou, B., Xu, Y.-J., Xiao, G.-S., & Wu, J.-J.
- Affiliations
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Yu, Yuan-Shan
- ORCID
- Hu, Teng-Gen
- Venue
- International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-12
- Volume
- 222
- Issue
- Pt A
- Pages
- 599-609
- ISSN
- 0141-8130 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4297158737
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 7.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- South China University of Technology (KJYS2021KZ05)
- Special Project for Research and Development in Key areas of Guangdong Province (2020B0202080003, 2022B0202040002)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Fungal Biology and Applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
- Keywords
- fermentation, polysaccharide structure, immunomodulatory activity, structure-activity relationship, molecular weight, mannose, rhamnose, arabinose, glucuronic acid, cytokine production, MAPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, polysaccharide purification
- MeSH terms
- Arabinose, Fermentation, Glucose, Mannose, Polysaccharides, Rhamnose, Acetic Acid, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Sapindaceae
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