Cited by 92Erythropoietin and Anemia TreatmentIron Metabolism and DisordersHemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders

Is anemia a new cardiovascular risk factor?

Kaiafa, Georgia, Kanellos, Ilias, Savopoulos, Christos, Kakaletsis, Nikolaos, Giannakoulas, George, Hatzitolios, Apostolos I.·2015·International Journal of Cardiology

Abstract

Anemia is frequent in patients with cardiovascular disease and is often characterized as the fifth cardiovascular risk factor. It is considered to develop due to a complex interaction of iron deficiency, cytokine production and impaired renal function, although other factors, such as blood loss, may also contribute. Unfortunately, treatment of anemia in cardiovascular disease lacks clear targets and specific therapy is not defined. Treatment with erythropoietin-stimulating agents in combination with iron is the basic strategy but clear guidelines are not currently available. This review aims to clarify poorly investigated and defined issues concerning the relation of anemia and cardiovascular risk--in particular in patients with acute coronary syndromes and chronic heart failure--as well as the current therapeutic strategies in these clinical conditions.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.159

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Authors
Kaiafa, G., Kanellos, I., Savopoulos, C., Kakaletsis, N., Giannakoulas, G., & Hatzitolios, A. I.
Affiliations
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
Venue
International Journal of Cardiology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-05
Volume
186
Pages
117-124
ISSN
0167-5273 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2029296495
Cited by
92
References
79
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3
FWCI
1.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • International Journal of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Erythropoietin and Anemia Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Keywords
anemia, cardiovascular risk factors, iron deficiency, cytokines, renal dysfunction, acute coronary syndrome, chronic heart failure, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, iron supplementation, anemia treatment
MeSH terms
Anemia, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Risk Factors

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