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FIGO classification system (PALM‐COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age

Munro, Malcolm G., Critchley, Hilary O.D., Broder, Michael S., Fraser, Ian S., for the FIGO Working Group on Menstrual Disorders·2011·International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics

Abstract

There is general inconsistency in the nomenclature used to describe abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), in addition to a plethora of potential causes—several of which may coexist in a given individual. It seems clear that the development of consistent and universally accepted nomenclature is a step toward rectifying this unsatisfactory circumstance. Another requirement is the development of a classification system, on several levels, for the causes of AUB, which can be used by clinicians, investigators, and even patients to facilitate communication, clinical care, and research. This manuscript describes an ongoing process designed to achieve these goals, and presents for consideration the PALM‐COEIN (polyp; adenomyosis; leiomyoma; malignancy and hyperplasia; coagulopathy; ovulatory dysfunction; endometrial; iatrogenic; and not yet classified) classification system for AUB, which has been approved by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Executive Board as a FIGO classification system.

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Metadata

Authors
Munro, M. G., Critchley, H. O. D., Broder, M. S., Fraser, I. S., & for the FIGO Working Group on Menstrual Disorders
Venue
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2011-02-22
Volume
113
Issue
1
Pages
3-13
ISSN
  • 0020-6695 (ISSN-L)
  • 0020-7292
  • 1879-3479
OpenAlex
W2102492167
Cited by
1,685
References
3
FWCI
35.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: FIGO classification system (PALM‐COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.11.011
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Munro, M. G., Critchley, H. O. D., Broder, M. S., Fraser, I. S., & for the FIGO Working Group on Menstrual Disorders. (2011). FIGO classification system (PALM‐COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.11.011

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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