Superhydrophobic heat exchangers delay frost formation and reduce defrost energy input of aircraft environmental control systems
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Frost formation remains a persistent and formidable challenge across a wide spectrum of thermal and energy systems.
“Frost formation remains a persistent and formidable challenge across a wide spectrum of thermal and energy systems, including air-source heat pumps (ASHPs), refrigeration equipment, HVAC installations, and aerospace heat exchangers [1 -4].”
From A physics-informed quasi-steady frosting model with coupled heat–mass transfer for predicting frost layer growth (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
As time progresses, the build-up of dense frost crystals can obstruct the heat transfer channels of airflow within the fins, thus significantly decreasing the heat-exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
“As time progresses, the build-up of dense frost crystals can obstruct the heat transfer channels of airflow within the fins [21], thus significantly decreasing the heat-exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger [22].”
From Enhancing heat-exchanger performance in frost conditions via superhydrophobic surface modification (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
Frost accumulation significantly reduces the heat transfer efficiency of air source heat pumps during winter operation.
“Frost accumulation significantly reduces the heat transfer efficiency of air source heat pump (ASHP) during winter operation, making frost suppression and defrosting critical issues that need to be addressed.”
From Enhancing heat-exchanger performance in frost conditions via superhydrophobic surface modification (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
Cites
Guidelines for evaluating and expressing the uncertainty of NIST measurement results
Taylor, B. N. (1994) · National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Technical Note 1297 · doi:10.6028/nist.tn.1297 · Cited by 2,833 · see citing works
Analysis of emission data from global commercial aviation: 2004 and 2006
Wilkerson, J. T., Jacobson, M. Z., Malwitz, A., Balasubramanian, S., Wayson, R., Fleming, G., Naiman, A. D., & Lele, S. K. (2010) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-10-6391-2010 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
A study of frost growth and densification on flat surfaces
Hermes, C. J. L., Piucco, R. O., Barbosa, J. R., & Melo, C. (2009) · Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science · doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2008.10.006 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Xia, Y., Zhong, Y., Hrnjak, P. S., & Jacobi, A. M. (2006) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2006.03.005 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
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Enhancing heat-exchanger performance in frost conditions via superhydrophobic surface modification
He, H., Zhou, X., Lyu, N., Wang, F., Liang, C., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.122914 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Yang, K.-S., Zheng, J.-W., Wu, K.-L., & Wu, Y.-L. (2023) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121338 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Su, W., Ma, D., Jin, X., Liu, Z., & Zhao, D. (2024) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.122089 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Xiong, T., Zhao, T., Liu, G., Zhao, L., Jin, J., Gao, Q., & Yan, G. (2024) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109521 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lin, Z.-M., Hou, Y.-F., Wu, L.-K., & Wang, L.-B. (2026) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.129176 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Koszut, J., Boyina, K., Popovic, G., Carpenter, J., Wang, S., & Miljkovic, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Sophie
- Miljkovic, Nenad
- Venue
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-06
- Volume
- 189
- Pages
- 122669
- ISSN
- 0017-9310 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4226139320
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 10
- FWCI
- 5.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University (WPI-I2CNER)
- Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Keywords
- superhydrophobic coatings, frost formation, thawing, aircraft environmental control system, air cycle machine, heat exchangers, wettability, engine bleed air, aircraft energy efficiency, wind tunnel testing
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