The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Power-to-ammonia in future North European 100 % renewable power and heat system
Abstract
Abstract Power-to-gas and other chemicals-based storages are often suggested for energy systems with high shares of variable renewable energy. Here we study the North European power and district heat system with alternative long-term storage, the power-to-ammonia (P2A) technology. Assuming fully renewable power and heat sectors and large-scale electrification of road transport, we perform simultaneous optimization of capacity investments and dispatch scheduling of wind, solar, hydro and thermal power, energy storages as well as transmission, focusing on year 2050. We find that P2A has three major roles: it provides renewable feedstock to fertilizer industry and it contributes significantly to system balancing over both time (energy storage) and space (energy transfer). The marginal cost of power-based ammonia production in the studied scenarios varied between 431 and 528 €/t, which is in the range of recent ammonia prices. Costs of P2A plants were dominated by electrolysis. In the power and heat sector, with our cost assumptions, P2A becomes competitive compared to fossil natural gas only if gas price or CO2 emission price rises above 70 €/MWh or 200 €/tCO2.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Buttler, A., & Spliethoff, H. (2018) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.003 · Cited by 2,510
Global Lithium Availability: A Constraint for Electric Vehicles?
Gruber, P. W., Medina, P. A., Keoleian, G. A., Kesler, S. E., Everson, M. P., & Wallington, T. J. (2011) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00359.x · Cited by 620
Cited by
Ammonia as Effective Hydrogen Storage: A Review on Production, Storage and Utilization
Aziz, M., Wijayanta, A. T., & Nandiyanto, A. B. D. (2020) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en13123062 · Cited by 789
Status and perspectives on 100% renewable energy systems
Hansen, K., Breyer, C., & Lund, H. (2019) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.03.092 · Cited by 681
Large scale of green hydrogen storage: Opportunities and challenges
Ma, N., Zhao, W., Wang, W., Li, X., & Zhou, H. (2024) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.09.021 · Cited by 593
Techno-economic assessment of advanced fuels and propulsion systems in future fossil-free ships
Korberg, A. D., Brynolf, S., Grahn, M., & Skov, I. R. (2021) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.110861 · Cited by 331
Lopez, G., Keiner, D., Fasihi, M., Koiranen, T., & Breyer, C. (2023) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d3ee00478c · Cited by 284
Metadata
- Authors
- Ikäheimo, J., Kiviluoma, J., Weiss, R., & Holttinen, H.
- Venue
- International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 36
- Pages
- 17295-17308
- ISSN
- 0360-3199 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2885581554
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 8.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Power-to-ammonia in future North European 100 % renewable power and heat system. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.06.121
- The paper
- Ikäheimo, J., Kiviluoma, J., Weiss, R., & Holttinen, H. (2018). Power-to-ammonia in future North European 100 % renewable power and heat system. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.06.121
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
