An icing physics study by using lifetime-based molecular tagging thermometry technique
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During the CG period, ice crystals were far apart from each other and grew in the form of a vertical column.
“The ice crystals were far apart from each other and grew in the form of a vertical column [7,8].”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [8]
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Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics
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Frosting characteristics on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces: A review
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Zhang, K., Wei, T., & Hu, H. (2015) · Experiments in Fluids · doi:10.1007/s00348-015-2046-z · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“For a wet regime, only a fraction of the collected water freezes in the impingement area, while the remaining water runs back and can freeze outside the impingement area to form glaze ice (Politovich 1989; Hu and Huang 2009; Hu and Jin 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationExperimental investigation of the impact and freezing processes of a water droplet on an ice surface
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Self-citationThe impact and freezing processes of a water droplet on different inclined cold surfaces
Jin, Z.-Y., Wang, Z., Sui, D.-Y., & Yang, Z.-G. (2016) · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.02.024 · Cited by 77
Self-citationA comprehensive model for predicting droplet freezing features on a cold substrate
Tembely, M., & Dolatabadi, A. (2018) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2018.839 · Cited by 59
Quantifying the Pathways of Latent Heat Dissipation during Droplet Freezing on Cooled Substrates
Castillo, J. E., Huang, Y.-B., Pan, Z.-H., & Weibel, J. (2021) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120608 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Using molecular tagging thermometry, Hu and Jin [40] reported that the temperature of the liquid-ice mixture above the freezing front increased during the solidification process for a droplet consisting of a 1-BrNp⋅M𝛽-CD⋅ROH-water mixture, which would be unphysical for pure water.”
BackgroundThe impact and freezing processes of a water droplet on different cold spherical surfaces
Ju, J., Jin, Z.-Y., Zhang, H., Yang, Z.-G., & Zhang, J. (2018) · Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science · doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2018.03.037 · Cited by 52
Self-citationJin, Z.-Y., Jin, S., & Yang, Z.-G. (2013) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1007/s12650-012-0154-x · Cited by 50
Self-citationSupercooled water droplet impacting-freezing behaviors on cold superhydrophobic spheres
Liu, X., Min, J., ZHANG, X., Hu, Z.-F., & Wu, X.-M. (2021) · doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103675 · Cited by 44
Zhang, H., Jin, Z.-Y., Jiao, M., & Yang, Z.-G. (2018) · International journal of thermal sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.06.032 · Cited by 44
Self-citationExperimental investigation of the successive freezing processes of water droplets on an ice surface
Jin, Z.-Y., Cheng, X.-Y., & Yang, Z.-G. (2017) · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.11.001 · Cited by 43
Self-citationJu, J., Yang, Z.-G., Yi, X., & Jin, Z.-Y. (2019) · The Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/1.5094691 · Cited by 34
Self-citationSarmiento, A. P., de Sá Sarmiento, F. I. P., Shooshtari, A., & Ohadi, M. (2024) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.123680 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Changing the freezing interface characteristics to Reduce the Ice Adhesion Strength
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A multiple level-set approach for modelling containerless freezing process
Shetabivash, H., Dolatabadi, A., & Paraschivoiu, M. (2020) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2020.109527 · Cited by 28
Fully resolved simulations of drop solidification under forced convection
Vu, T. V. (2018) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.01.124 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Jin, Z.-Y., Wang, Y., & Yang, Z.-G. (2014) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.01.041 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationMenglong, L., Mengjie, S., Zhenjun, M., Xiaotao, W., & Long, Z. (2021) · International Journal of Multiphase Flow · doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103749 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Jin, Z.-Y., Jin, S., & Yang, Z.-G. (2013) · Science China Physics Mechanics and Astronomy · doi:10.1007/s11433-013-5209-z · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Jin and Hu implemented a lifetime-based Molecular Tagging Thermometry (MTT) technique to reveal the time evolution of the unsteady heat transfer and dynamic phase changing process within small icing water droplets [12, 13].”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationDeformation and breakup of a pendant drop with solidification
Vu, T. V. (2018) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.01.125 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Simultaneous Measurements of Droplet Size and Transient Temperature Within Surface Water Droplets
Hu, H., & Huang, D. (2009) · doi:10.2514/1.37158 · Cited by 20
“For comparison, the temperature sensitivity of Rhodamine B for LIF measurements is usually about 2% per degree Celsius [8,9].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPhase-field-based lattice Boltzmann method for containerless freezing.
Huang, J., Wang, L., Chai, Z.-H., & Shi, B.-C. (2024) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.110.035301 · Cited by 18
“For instance, Hu et al. [9] experimentally investigated the droplet freezing on the cold substrate based on the molecular labeling thermometry technique.”
BackgroundMethodModelling the dynamics of the flow within freezing water droplets
Karlsson, L., Ljung, A., & Lundström, T. (2018) · Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1007/s00231-018-2396-1 · Cited by 15
Jin, J.-F., Chen, Y., Chen, T.-K., Qi, Y.-C., Cong, Q., & Liu, C. (2023) · International journal of thermal sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2022.108090 · Cited by 14
A review of molecular tagging measurement technique
Li, F., Zhang, H.-B., & Bai, B. (2021) · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108790 · Cited by 14
Direct Numerical Study of a Molten Metal Drop Solidifying on a Cold Plate with Different Wettability
Vu, T. V., Nguyen, C., & Khanh, D. (2018) · doi:10.3390/met8010047 · Cited by 14
Zhong, Y., Jin, Z.-Y., Chen, M., & Yang, Z.-G. (2023) · Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science · doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2023.110950 · Cited by 13
Self-citationAxisymmetric forced convection solidification of a liquid drop on a cold plate
Vu, T. V. (2018) · International Journal of Multiphase Flow · doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.05.023 · Cited by 13
A review of defrosting methods in cold storage
Zheng, H., Ma, C., Fu, D.-Y., Sheng, W., Wang, R., Chen, X.-Z., Song, M., & Dang, C.-B. (2025) · Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2025.115553 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Freezing of sessile droplet and frost halo formation
Kavuri, S., Karapetsas, G., Sharma, C. S., & Sahu, K. (2023) · Physical Review Fluids · doi:10.1103/physrevfluids.8.124003 · Cited by 11
“The earlier experimental study by Hu and Jin [7] investigated the icing of a water droplet by examining the temperature field and demonstrated that the drop freezes from its bottom.”
BackgroundResultYe, Z.-T., Estebe, C., Liu, Y., Vahab, M., Huang, Z., Sussman, M., Moradikazerouni, A., Shoele, K., Lian, Y., Ohta, M., et al. (2023) · Communication on Applied Mathematics and Computation · doi:10.1007/s42967-023-00286-6 · Cited by 10
“22 and 23) but predict a freezing rate much faster than that which appears in the experiments [26].”
InfluentialAn experimental investigation of the melting process of an ice bead in a hot shear flow
Jin, Z.-Y., Chen, M.-M., & Yang, Z.-G. (2018) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.04.061 · Cited by 10
Self-citationMolecular tagging techniques and their applications to the study of complex thermal flow phenomena
Chen, F., Li, H., & Hu, H. (2015) · Acta Mechanica Sinica · doi:10.1007/s10409-015-0464-z · Cited by 10
“It was also found that the phosphorescence lifetime of the 1-BrNp · Mβ-CD · ROH triplex would vary significantly as the fluid temperature changes [11,22,26].”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationFreezing dynamics of wetting droplet under a uniform electric field
Huang, J., Li, H., Che, J., Chai, Z.-H., Wang, L., & Shi, B.-C. (2024) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126852 · Cited by 9
“…of experimental techniques, some researchers have adopted molecular tagging thermometry (MTT) to achieve time-and space-resolved temperature distribution, revealing the time evolution of non-steady heat transfer and dynamic phase transition process inside microdroplets during freezing [19].”
BackgroundLi, X.-B., Hao, X., Zhang, H.-N., Zhang, W.-H., & Li, F.-C. (2023) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113710 · Cited by 9
A numerical study of hollow water drop breakup during freezing
Vu, T. V., Pham, B. D., Pham, P. H., Vu, H. V., & Trần, B. X. (2021) · The Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/5.0071795 · Cited by 9
Experimental Measurement of the Percentage of Partial Melting in A Single Ice Crystal
Yan, S.-H., & Palacios, J. (2016) · doi:10.2514/6.2016-3741 · Cited by 9
Cong, Q., Xu, J., Ren, L., Jin, J.-F., Chen, T.-K., & Choy, K. (2021) · The Arabian journal for science and engineering · doi:10.1007/s13369-021-05502-0 · Cited by 8
Jin, Z.-Y., Zhao, Y., Sui, D.-Y., & Yang, Z.-G. (2016) · ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1115/1.4033377 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaporation-driven coalescence of two droplets undergoing freezing
Kavuri, S., Karapetsas, G., Sharma, C. S., & Sahu, K. (2024) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2024.1108 · Cited by 7
“…investigated the freezing of stationary water drops and uncovered intriguing physics, such as freezing front propagation, cusp formation, volume expansion, and frost halo formation (Angell 1983; Ajaev & Davis 2004; Hu & Jin 2010; Anderson et al. 1996; Tembely & Dolatabadi 2019; Marin et al. 2014).”
Modelling of the icing processes of sessile supercooled water droplets on cold spheres
Zhang, X., Gao, Y.-B., Liu, X., Min, J.-C., Li, K.-L., & Song, M.-J. (2024) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.122596 · Cited by 6
Lai, T.-W., Liu, X., Dong, X.-J., Qiang, M.-C., Yan, S.-H., & Hou, Y. (2022) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.3390/app12084025 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“After that, the frost crystals develop some vertical column crystals, which are spread out without affecting each other [10,11].”
Yan, S.-H., & Palacios, J. (2024) · International journal of thermal sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108798 · Cited by 6
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Icing Process of a Liquid Droplet
Lian, Y., Liao, D., Qiu, H.-H., Sussman, M., Vahab, M., & Hussaini, Y. (2017) · doi:10.2514/6.2017-4481 · Cited by 5
Determination of pivotal points during salty droplet freezing under various conditions
Mu, Z., Wei, Y.-Q., Feng, Y.-H., Wu, X.-M., & Chu, F. (2026) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128497 · Cited by 4
Lemoine, F., & Castanet, G. (2013) · Experiments in Fluids · doi:10.1007/s00348-013-1572-9 · Cited by 3
“Recently, MTT was used to measure the temperature of sessile droplets which were frozen on a cooled plate (Hu and Jin 2010; Jin and Hu 2010).”
MethodJing, H.-X., Mao, H., & Xing, H. (2026) · The Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/5.0316710 · Cited by 3
Wei, A., Jin, Z.-Y., Cheng, S., & Yang, Z.-G. (2023) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124716 · Cited by 3
Self-citationWei, A., Yang, Z.-G., Tang, L., Xiong, B., Wang, P., & Jin, Z.-Y. (2022) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/5.0090429 · Cited by 3
Self-citationKabi, P., Bahal, S., Tiwari, M. K., dos Anjos, E. B., Naveira-Cotta, C., & Cotta, R. M. (2025) · Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2024.0363 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Experimental co-validation with Stefan-type models is based on optical imaging of the moving ice front [28,31] and measuring the droplet temperature through both intrusive [24,26,59] and non-intrusive techniques [24,34,60].”
Hu, H., Wang, B., Zhang, K., Lohry, W., & Zhang, S. (2014) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1007/s12650-014-0264-8 · Cited by 1
Self-citationAn Enthalpy-Based Unified Lattice Boltzmann Flux Solver for Liquid Solidification
Zhou, J.-X., Yang, L.-M., Wang, Y.-P., Wu, J., & Niu, X. (2025) · Computers and Mathematics with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.camwa.2026.06.004 · Cited by 1
“More recently, Hu et al. [8] revealed that freezing-induced expansion primarily occurs in the vertical direction rather than laterally.”
Thermodynamics of an oblique droplet impinging on stationary water film
Wang, J.-X., Cao, Y., Guo, R., Zhao, N., Zhu, C.-L., & Wu, Y. (2025) · The Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/5.0249146 · Cited by 1
Zeng, L.-W., Wang, H.-F., Li, Y., & He, X.-H. (2020) · Italian National Conference on Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20082409 · Cited by 1
“This phenomenon results in the change of water distribution on the airfoil, forming glaze ice outside the impact area (Politovich [2], Hu and Huang [3] and Hu and Jin [4]).”
BackgroundPartially Melting of a Suspended Ice Particle under Forced Advection-Diffusion
Han, Y.-Q., Kala, S., Yan, S.-H., & Palacios, J. (2018) · 2018 Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference · doi:10.2514/6.2018-4221 · Cited by 1
Development of a Digital Fringe Projection Technique to Quantify Surface Film/Rivulet Flows
Wang, B., Lohry, W., Zhang, S., & Hu, H. (2012) · doi:10.2514/6.2012-3014 · Cited by 1
“Many important micro-physical processes associated with aircraft icing phenomena, such as transient behavior of surface water droplets/rivulet flows, unsteady heat transfer process within icing water droplets/film flows, and phase change process of water droplets/film flows over smooth/rough ice accreting surfaces, ar…”
Self-citationZhao, C., Zhao, T., Sun, H., & Yang, H.-N. (2025) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118083 · Cited by 1
An experimental investigation on the spray flow exhausted from a co-swirling air-blast nozzle
Dvorak, D. (2012) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-240 · Cited by 1
Hu, H., Jin, Z.-Y., Nocera, D., Lum, C., & Koochesfahani, M. (2010) · doi:10.1088/0957-0233/21/8/085401
“Further information about the icing physics experiments and the discussions about the icing physics revealed from the MTT measurements is available in Jin (2008) and Hu and Jin (2010).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationNumerical simulation of the freezing process of a water drop attached to a cold plate
Vu, T. V., Dao, K. V., & Pham, B. D. (2018) · Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12206-018-0421-4
Gong, J., Hou, J., Yang, L., Wu, W.-F., Li, G., & Gao, T.-Y. (2019) · Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12206-019-0343-9
Li, H., Chen, F., & Hu, H. (2015) · Experiments in Fluids · doi:10.1007/s00348-015-2063-y
“…temperature measurements in single-phase flows (Gendrich et al. 1997; Hu and Koochesfahani 2011) and stationary surface droplets (Hu and Huang 2009; Hu and Jin 2010), the work presented here will deal with a multiphase spray flow system involving in-flight liquid droplets with transient…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationAsymmetric freezing of a sliding droplet on an inclined surface
Kavuri, S., Karapetsas, G., Sharma, C. S., & Sahu, K. (2026) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2026.11622
“The first is the recalescence stage, during which rapid ice nucleation and crystal growth occur as supercooling drives solidification, releasing latent heat and triggering a transient temperature rise (Feuillebois et al. 1995; Hindmarsh et al. 2003; Hu & Jin 2010; Jung et al. 2012 b ).”
InfluentialUnique staged temperature evolution in the freezing and melting of an ice crystal
Zhong, F., Liu, X.-F., Liu, S., Chen, J., Li, Y., Han, B., & Hou, Y. (2025) · Case Studies in Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.csite.2025.106670
Wei, A., Cheng, S., Jin, Z.-Y., Yang, Z.-G., & Yu, L. (2025) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125131
Self-citationMorphologies of Freezing Water Droplets: Mechanisms, Effects of Scenarios and Composition
Tong, W., Peng, C.-Y., & Zhao, Y.-G. (2026) · Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.32604/fhmt.2026.088107
“Hu et al. [43] reported frozen patterns for water droplets impacting on a cold substrate, identifying four types of patterns including single and double-concentric toroidal shapes, and attributed these patterns to the correlation between impacting dynamics and freezing process.”
Development of Advanced Flow Diagnostic Techniques to Characterize Aircraft Icing Phenomena
Hu, H. (2019) · Progress in Hybrid RANS-LES Modelling · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27607-2_2
Self-citationMatsuda, Y., Yorita, D., Mori, H., & Handa, T. (2017) · doi:10.3154/jvs.37.147_23
- Authors
- Hu, H., & Jin, Z.
- Affiliations
- Iowa State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Hui
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Multiphase Flow
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 672-681
- ISSN
- 0301-9322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2146578451
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Multiphase Flow (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Michigan State University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
- Keywords
- icing, transient heat transfer, phase transitions, water droplet freezing, latent heat release, ice crystal morphology, prolate spheroid, freezing time, surface temperature, temperature distribution measurement
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