The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 74 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Burnout and depression in nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background Nurses work in stressful and demanding settings and often suffer from depression and burnout. Despite overlapping symptoms, research has been inconclusive regarding the discriminant validity of measures of burnout with regard to measures of depression. Such inconclusive discriminant validity might cause clinicians to fail to recognize and manage depression separately from burnout.Objectives This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the distinctiveness of burnout as a separate construct by examining the size of the relationship between burnout and depression among nurses as well as potential moderators.Method A stepwise method was used by searching 4 databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE) to retrieve published papers in English examining the relationship between burnout and depression among nurses and reporting the effect sizes of their findings.Results We identified a total of 37 eligible studies. The pooled estimate showed a positive association between burnout and depression among nurses (r = 0.403, 95% CI [0.327, 0.474], p < 0.0001) and a slightly higher correlation coefficient for the Emotional Exhaustion subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) measure (0.494, 95% CI [0.41, 0.57]).Conclusions and implications This review confirms a large burnout - depression correlation in nursing samples, adding to existing literature encompassing a variety of occupations. Future studies should focus on path analysis to assess the causal relationship as well as investigate potential moderators.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This is consistent with previous studies that relate cognitive fusion (54) and depression (49, 52) to emotional exhaustion, and low levels of resilience with burnout (55, 56).”
From Evolution of burnout syndrome in Spanish healthcare professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: psychosocial variables involved (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“This exponential increase in emotional exhaustion at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in HCW has been attributed to increased workload, lack of resources, fear of contagion, and generalized uncertainty (49–51).”
From Evolution of burnout syndrome in Spanish healthcare professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: psychosocial variables involved (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“it is initially the most affected component (49–51), as our findings show.”
From Evolution of burnout syndrome in Spanish healthcare professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: psychosocial variables involved (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“According to the existing literature, emotional exhaustion is closely related to levels of depressive symptomatology, especially in the early stages of the pandemic (49, 52).”
From Evolution of burnout syndrome in Spanish healthcare professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: psychosocial variables involved (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
Citations
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,893
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 17,633
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u · Cited by 14,523
Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Stewart, L. A., & the PRISMA-P Group (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g7647 · Cited by 13,120
(2000) · Cited by 9,198
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.
Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068
Cohen, J. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 · Cited by 8,771
Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research
Rosenthal, R. (1991) · doi:10.4135/9781412984997 · Cited by 4,635
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Motta de Vasconcelos, 2018, Burnout and depressive symptoms in intensive care nurses: relationship analysis, Rev. Bras. Enferm., 71, 35
- Quintas, 2017, Nurses and their health at work: the relationship between depression and burnout, Int. J. Work. Cond., 1
- Silva, 2015, Depression and suicide risk among Nursing professionals: an integrative review, Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP, 49, 1023, 10.1590/S0080-623420150000600020 · DOI
- Stamm, B.H. (2010) The Concise ProQOL Manual. 2nd Edition, Pocatello, ID: ProQOL.org. Retrieved from https://proqol.org/ProQOl_Test_Manuals.html
- Szilvia, 2015, Facilitating the diagnosis of depression and burnout by identifying demographic and work-related risk and protective factors among nurses, Orv. Hetil., 156, 1288
- Taycan, 2006, Relation between sociodemographic characteristics depression and burnout levels of nurse working in university hospital, Anadolu Psikiyatr. Derg, 7, 100
- Vasconcelos, 2018, Burnout and depressive symptoms in intensive care nurses: relationship analysis, Rev. Bras. Enferm., 71, 135, 10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0019 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Li, L. Z., Yang, P., Singer, S. J., Pfeffer, J., Mathur, M. B., & Shanafelt, T. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.43059 · Cited by 501
Lee, B. E. C., Ling, M., Boyd, L., Olsson, C., & Sheen, J. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.012 · Cited by 120
“…physicians, hospital nurses and healthcare students, prepandemic studies largely supports that mental health issues have been evident in this cohort since pre-pandemic (Chen and Meier, 2021; Dyrbye et al., 2006; Gheshlagh et al., 2017; Rotenstein et al., 2016; Tung et al., 2018; Xie et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialBurnout: a comprehensive review
Demerouti, E. (2024) · Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s41449-024-00452-3 · Cited by 74
“Existing research, including meta-regression analyses, has highlighted a significant overlap between burnout, depression, and anxiety, complicating the diagnosis of burnout (Bakker et al. 2023; Chen and Meier 2021; Meier and Kim 2022).”
InfluentialGalanis, P., Katsiroumpa, A., Vraka, I. S., Siskou, O. C., Konstantakopoulou, O., Katsoulas, T. A., Moisoglou, I., Gallos, P., & Καϊτελίδου, Δ. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/ijn.70057 · Cited by 106
Çeli̇k, S. Ş., Sarıköse, S., & Çeli̇k, Y. (2023) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.12878 · Cited by 84
Kong, L., Yao, Y., Chen, S., & Zhu, J.-L. (2022) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105706 · Cited by 71
Petersen, J., Wendsche, J., & Melzer, M. (2022) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.15471 · Cited by 59
Qin, N., Yao, Z., & Guo, M. (2023) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01516-1 · Cited by 50
“Meanwhile, this study revealed moderate associations between depression, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion, which was consistent with previous systematic reviews [17, 49].”
BackgroundResultAssociation between sleep duration and burnout in healthcare professionals: a cross-sectional survey
Saintila, J., Soriano-Moreno, A. N., Ramos‐Vera, C., Oblitas-Guerrero, S. M., & Calizaya-Milla, Y. E. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1268164 · Cited by 44
Norful, A. A., Brewer, K. C., Cahir, K., & Dierkes, A. M. (2024) · International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100187 · Cited by 46
“The studies in this review that explored depression as a proxy for psychological well-being found similar results to studies focused on nurses (Chen and Meier, 2021).”
ResultBurnout Among Social Workers in Social Services: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence
Bertomeu, V. M. G., Caravaca-Sánchez, F., Hartmann, N. D. A., & Ricoy-Cano, A. J. (2024) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2024.2371847 · Cited by 37
“…dimensions of the MBI in the group of social workers found in this review compared to other professional groups using the same instrument to measure the presence of burnout (Chen & Meier, 2021; García-Carmona et al., 2019; Ghahramani et al., 2021; Kansoun et al., 2019; O’Connor et al., 2018).”
Network analysis of resilience, anxiety and depression in clinical nurses
Zhou, Y., Gao, W., Li, H., Yao, X., Wang, J., & Zhao, X. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06138-8 · Cited by 39
“Anxiety and depression have been strongly linked with numerous adverse outcomes, involving reduced healthcare quality, staff attrition, heightened risk of medical errors, and lower patient satisfaction [9–11].”
BackgroundVillage doctors' dilemma in China: A systematic evaluation of job burnout and turnover intention
Chen, Y., You, Y., Shen, Y., Du, Z., & Dai, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.970780 · Cited by 35
Role stress, occupational burnout and depression among emergency nurses: A cross-sectional study
Huang, C.-P., Zou, J., Ma, H., & Zhong, Y. (2023) · International Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2023.101387 · Cited by 34
Qedair, J. T., Balubaid, R., Almadani, R., Ezzi, S., Qumosani, T., Zahid, R., & Alfayea, T. M. (2022) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-022-01070-2 · Cited by 33
Burnout and depression of medical staff: A chain mediating model of resilience and self-esteem.
Hao, S.-M. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.153 · Cited by 30
Orgambídez-Ramos, A., Alés, Y. B., Sánchez, F. J. C., & Pérez, J. (2024) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.13072 · Cited by 35
Sowden, J. F., Schonfeld, I. S., & Bianchi, R. (2022) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110783 · Cited by 33
Lu, M., Zhang, F., Tang, X., Wang, L.-P., Zan, J., Zhu, Y., & Feng, D.-J. (2022) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-022-00865-7 · Cited by 31
“In addition, burnout is associated with many adverse outcomes for nurses, such as insomnia, anxiety, depression, and social dysfunction [7].”
BackgroundPsychological capital among clinical nurses: A latent profile analysis
Teng, M., Wang, J., Jin, M., Yuan, Z., He, H., Wang, S., & Ren, Q. (2023) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.12918 · Cited by 32
Zhang, Y., Wu, C., Ma, J., Liu, F., Shen, C., Sun, J., Ma, Z., Hu, W., & Lang, H. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-01867-3 · Cited by 33
“The relation between burnout and depression has received a great deal of attention in recent years [27, 28].”
BackgroundResultLiu, M., Liu, L., Lv, Z., Ma, F., Mao, Y., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.15925 · Cited by 30
Burnout and depression in college students
Wang, X., Yang, M., Ren, L., Wang, Q., Liang, S., Li, Y., Li, Y., Zhan, Q., Huang, S., Xie, K., et al. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115828 · Cited by 36
“This study provides insights into the structure of burnout from the perspective of network analysis, and de-lineates the overlap between burnout and depression.”
BackgroundArbués, E. R., Sagarra‐Romero, L., Echániz-Serrano, E., Granada-López, J. M., Cobos-Rincón, A., Juárez‐Vela, R., Navas-Echazarreta, N., & Antón‐Solanas, I. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1265775 · Cited by 35
Prepandemic Mental Health and Well-being
Silver, S. R., Li, J., Marsh, S. M., & Carbone, E. G. (2022) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002630 · Cited by 28
Palvimo, T., Vauhkonen, A., & Hult, M. (2023) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1155/2023/4289450 · Cited by 38
“In addition, a positive association between burnout and depression among nurses has been found [14].”
Pachi, A., Sikaras, C., Melas, D. S., Alikanioti, S., Soultanis, N., Ivanidou, M., Ilias, Ι., & Tselebis, A. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14041145 · Cited by 26
The impact of health emergencies on nurses’ burnout: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Liang, Y., Peng, H., Luo, X., Wang, M., Zhang, Y., Huang, H., Zhu, J., Chen, M., Tian, W., Mo, J., et al. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24150-9 · Cited by 41
“This hypothesis was supported by numerous reviews that found a positive association between mental health outcomes and burnout [47, 48].”
Rink, L. C., Silva, S. G., Adair, K. C., Oyesanya, T. O., Humphreys, J. C., & Sexton, J. B. (2023) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.1980 · Cited by 26
Mental health status of mental health nurses in China: Results from a national survey
Wang, P., Tang, Y., Chen, Y., He, Y., Li, L., Han, X., Liu, Y., Liu, T., Liu, H., Jiang, F., et al. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12893 · Cited by 23
Cybulska, A. M., Rachubińska, K., Stanisławska, M., Grochans, S., Cymbaluk-Płoska, A., & Grochans, E. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19169777 · Cited by 22
“Due to their profession, the ability to control emotions is undoubtedly required among nurses because the health, life, and safety of others depend on how effectively they cope with stressful situations [6].”
BackgroundRodríguez-Leal, L., González‐Hervías, R., Silva, L. I. M., Rodríguez-Gallego, I., Romero‐Saldaña, M., & Montesinos, J. V. B. (2023) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105753 · Cited by 22
Huang, H., Zhang, X., Tu, L., Zhang, L., & Chen, H. (2024) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104916 · Cited by 21
Delafontaine, A.-C., Anders, R., Mathieu, B., Salathé, C. R., & Putois, B. (2024) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-024-01393-8 · Cited by 28
“In fact, the relationship between burnout and depression among nurses has been well documented [22].”
BackgroundThe single item burnout measure is a reliable and valid tool to measure occupational burnoutPreprint
Galanis, P., Katsiroumpa, A., Vraka, I. S., Siskou, O. C., Konstantakopoulou, O., Katsoulas, T. A., Gallos, P., & Καϊτελίδου, Δ. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.03.06.23286842 · Cited by 19
Zhang, M., Zheng, X., Chen, C., Fang, J., Liu, H., Zhang, X., & Lang, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.981597 · Cited by 18
Association of burnout with depression in pharmacists: A network analysis
He, M., Li, K., Tan, X., Zhang, L., Su, C., Luo, K., Luo, X., Liu, C., Zhao, M., Zhan, X., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1145606 · Cited by 18
“Data suggest that burnout and depression are closely related, but each has a specific component (64).”
BackgroundInterventions to reduce nurses' burnout: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Yıldırım, N., Yeşilbaş, H., & Kantek, F. (2023) · Japan Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.1111/jjns.12542 · Cited by 22
Zhong, Y., Lai, S., Li, Y., Yang, K., Tang, H., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1420452 · Cited by 20
Galanis, P., Katsiroumpa, A., Sourtzi, P., Siskou, O. C., Konstantakopoulou, O., Katsoulas, T. A., & Καϊτελίδου, Δ. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11010046 · Cited by 17
Wu, Q., Qi, T., Wei, J., & Shaw, A. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01384-z · Cited by 23
“Emotional exhaustion at work is an antecedent of depressive symptoms [32, 33].”
BackgroundBurnout among Nurses: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Global Publications
Yang, Z., Zhang, M., Guo, Y., Wang, R., & Xie, F. (2024) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s458199 · Cited by 16
Yuan, T., Ren, H., Yin, X., Liang, L., Fei, J., Liu, X., Zheng, C., Wang, H., Gao, J., Mei, S., et al. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-01935-8 · Cited by 28
“As the largest group of health care professionals, nurses are essential participants in achieving high quality care and positive health outcomes in patients [1].”
BackgroundIm, C. R., Song, S., & Kim, K. J. (2023) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.1794 · Cited by 19
“MBI is one of the most frequently used measure for nurses' psychological burnout, worldwide (Chen & Meier, 2021).”
Turan, N., & Canbulat, Ş. (2023) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2023.03.002 · Cited by 14
Gao, Y., Li, J., Xie, Z., Zhao, X., Zhao, D., Wang, Q., Zhou, M., & Li, P. (2023) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1155/2023/6486195 · Cited by 14
“Occupational burnout not only afects the physical and mental health of individuals [9] but also causes a series of adverse efects, such as the decline in nursing quality and doctor-patient confict [10].”
Chiang, S., Tzeng, W., Chiang, L., Lee, M.-S., Lin, C., & Lin, C. (2024) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.12997 · Cited by 13
Hasan, F. M., Daraghmeh, T., Jaber, M., & Shawahna, R. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06196-y · Cited by 15
“Moreover, systematic reviews reported that ICU nurses typically experience high levels of emotional exhaustion and low levels of personal accomplishment [29, 30].”
BackgroundPsychological capital appreciation as a mediator between resilience and burnout among ICU nurses
Zhang, R., Shan, M., Yin, Y., Wu, Y., Gao, P., Xin, Y., & Shen, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1551725 · Cited by 13
“This in turn helps decrease the likelihood of depression and anxiety caused by burnout, allowing nurses to focus more on patient care (28, 29).”
Fu, C., Cui, X., Geng, L., & Cao, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1037499 · Cited by 12
Li, C., & Fu, C. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05827-8 · Cited by 12
“Due to long work hours and high work pressure, nurses’ health is very likely to be negatively affected by depression [1].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLiu, Z., Yan, X., Xie, G., Lu, J., Wang, Z., Chen, C., Wu, J., & Qing, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1527205 · Cited by 11
“As a negative emotional experience, depression can directly affect the level of mental health of nurses (12).”
Xu, H., Liu, L., Li, Z., Wang, X., Li, P., Yan, K., Liu, T., Tang, Y., Peng, P., & Wu, Q. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-20865-2 · Cited by 13
“Nurses often face prolonged work hours, complex and changing patient situations, and intense physical labor 48 , which can culminate in physical and mood exhaustion and the accumulation of psychological stress.”
The overlap between burnout and depression through a different lens: A multi-method study
Baptista, M. N., Filho, N. H., & Cardoso, H. F. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100437 · Cited by 11
Effect of job satisfaction on depression after adjusting for satisfaction with other life domains
Yang, S.-C., Kim, J.-H., Jung, M., Kim, H., Leem, J., & Park, S. (2024) · Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e8 · Cited by 11
“29 Further studies are needed to analyze the mediatory effect of burnout and to determine the effect of adjusting for job stress.”
BackgroundDeterminants of emotional distress in neonatal healthcare professionals: An exploratory analysis
Nazzari, S., Grumi, S., Ciotti, S., Merusi, I., Provenzi, L., & Gagliardi, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.968789 · Cited by 13
“Based on these premises, the aim of the current study was twofold: (1) to examine the associations between personality factors, coping strategies and safety culture and professionals’ emotional distress and exploratorily identify specific profiles of professionals (2) to investigate whether the contributors to profess…”
BackgroundAlnsasra, H., Khalil, F. M., Perue, R. K., & Azab, A. N. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241411270 · Cited by 14
“Several factors have been linked to the pathophysiology of depression, including: psychosocial stressors [10,11], genetic factors [12–14], neurotransmitter disturbances [1,2,15–17], and inflammatory processes in the brain [18–20], among”
BackgroundPuyvelde, M. V., Herck, J. V., den Bossche, J. V., Goethals, F., Gijbels, D., Detaille, F., & Pattyn, N. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136090 · Cited by 13
Faramarzi, S., Dehghani, A., & Hojat, M. (2024) · Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences · doi:10.5812/jnms-142568 · Cited by 10
“Correspondingly, emotional exhaustion is a dimension of burnout that occurs in stress (2, 6).”
BackgroundDevelopment and validation of a nomogram for predicting high‐burnout risk in nurses
Ning, M., Chen, Z., Yang, J., Li, X., Yu, Q., Huang, C., Li, Y., & Tian, Y. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.17210 · Cited by 10
“Strong associations have been observed between burnout and depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia (Chen & Meier, 2021; Ryan et al., 2023 ; Tang et al., 2022 ).”
Cheng, W. L. S., Tang, A. C. Y., & Siu, K. L.-S. (2024) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151861 · Cited by 17
Jiaqing, H., Tian, Y., Mimi, Z., Jiaxin, Y., Stephano, E. E., Yang, M., & Li, Y. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03006-y · Cited by 10
Labrague, L. J., Sabei, S. D. A., Rawajfah, O. A., Burney, I. A., & ABUALRUB, R. F. (2025) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/wvn.70038 · Cited by 10
刘美林, Guo, Y., Bai, J., Wang, Z., 韩继明, Zhu, J., & Wang, J. (2025) · Australian Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2025.101255 · Cited by 10
Wang, J., Huang, X., Wang, M., Huang, L., & Wang, Y. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05006-1 · Cited by 10
“Thus, these individuals may experience more challenges in interacting in social situations and then engage in less-than-appropriate social behavior [13].”
BackgroundResultGiusti, E. M., Ferrario, M., Veronesi, G., D’Amato, A., Gianfagna, F., & Iacoviello, L. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.4148 · Cited by 10
“Although the debate about the definition of burnout is still ongoing (3, 4 ), burnout has been recognized as a critical occupational phenomenon, dynamically related but distinct from depression ( 5–7 ), with its own distinct pathogenesis (8 ).”
BackgroundFu, W., Liu, Y., Zhang, K., Zhang, P., Zhang, J., Peng, F., Bai, X., Mao, J., & Zou, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893389 · Cited by 10
“Previous studies have suggested that anxiety/depression and burnout are related and perhaps overlap in symptoms (Koutsimani et al., 2019; Chen and Meier, 2021).”
BackgroundLi, Y., Li, J., Zhou, C., Peng, H., Luo, B., Hu, Y., & Fang, J. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06742-2 · Cited by 9
“Thus, nurses with alexithymia are more susceptible to emotional exhaustion, a condition with established correlations to a spectrum of negative psychological impacts [55].”
Badrfam, R., Zandifar, A., Khonsari, N. M., & Qorbani, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1261105 · Cited by 9
“A recent meta-analysis highlights a strong correlation between depression and burnout in nursing samples, particularly among those who work in stressful environments and often experience burnout and depression (23).”
BackgroundBurnout and personality factors among surgical area nurses: a cross sectional multicentre study
Velando‐Soriano, A., Pradas‐Hernández, L., Membrive‐Jiménez, M. J., Suleiman‐Martos, N., Romero‐Béjar, J. L., Fuente-Solana, E. I. D. L., & la Fuente, G. A. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1383735 · Cited by 9
Kan, Y., Wan, B., Chen, Y., Qiu, X., Qiao, Z., Zhou, J., Hu, X., Ke, S., Qiao, K., Liu, X., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.137 · Cited by 9
«Doctors must live»: a care ethics inquiry into physicians’ late modern suffering
Engen, C. (2025) · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-025-10258-7 · Cited by 8
“The fact that depression, burnout and suicidal thoughts are prevalent among physicians and nurses is not new (Chen and Meier 2021; Crudden et al. 2023; Kalmoe et al. 2019; Mata et al. 2015; West et al. 2018).”
Wang, Y., Sha, S., Lu, X., & Gu, J. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03409-x · Cited by 8
“Tertiary-A Hospitals: The prominence of Depression-Dejection aligns with studies linking prolonged exposure to critical patient outcomes to emotional exhaustion and hopelessness among nurses [34].”
Personality Factors as Predictors in Burnout Level Changes for Surgical Area Nurses
Velando‐Soriano, A., Cañadas, G. R., Monsalve-Reyes, C. S., Romero‐Béjar, J. L., Esquivel, F. J., Fuente-Solana, E. I. D. L., & la Fuente, G. A. C. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12111481 · Cited by 8
“, a depressed person experiences fewer feelings of superiority compared to a nondepressed person [34,35].”
BackgroundAlhenaidi, A., Al‐Haqan, A., Kelendar, H., Al‐Bader, B., Alkandari, O., & Al-Zuabi, H. (2023) · INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing · doi:10.1177/00469580231206253 · Cited by 8
“11-13 Professional burnout can have several negative mental and psychological consequences, such as depression, 8,14 and adverse physical effects, such as cardiovascular disorders, musculoskeletal complaints, prolonged fatigue, and headaches.”
BackgroundArrogante, Ó., Ortuño‐Soriano, I., Fernandes-Ribeiro, A. S., Raurell‐Torredà, M., Jiménez‐Rodríguez, D., & Zaragoza‐García, I. (2025) · Teaching and learning in nursing · doi:10.1016/j.teln.2025.03.002 · Cited by 7
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Psychological Distress, and Resilience in Health Professions Students
Sciolla, A., Sandholdt, C., Jandrey, K. E., Rea, M. M., Rice, E. I., Wilson, M., & Wilkes, M. S. (2025) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000006093 · Cited by 8
Campione, A., & Henschke, C. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03745-y · Cited by 7
Liu, H., Xiao, Y., & Qu, H. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03291-x · Cited by 7
“This study is consistent with previous research on the impact of nurse second victim experiences and support on depression [28–30 , 35].”
Ibrahim, I. A., Alenezi, A., Zeid, M. A. G. A., Khedr, M. A., El-Ashry, A. M., Albagawi, B. S., & Abdelrahim, S. M. (2025) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1155/jonm/1175290 · Cited by 9
“For example, Chen and Meier found that burnout was strongly linked to depressive symptoms among nurses [29].”
The Business Model Canvas: A Tool to Enhance Nurse Business Acumen
Manning, M. L., & Renzi, J. (2023) · Nurse Leader · doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2023.10.003 · Cited by 7
Liu, C., Li, S., Zhou, J., Zhang, M., & Chen, H. (2024) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.2136 · Cited by 6
“Our findings agree with a study of Chen and Meier (2021) N o t e : M C S A ss e ss e d u s i n g t h e 12 - i t e m S h o r t F o r m H e a l t h S u r v e y .”
ResultThe impact of nurses’ stress situation coping on somatization: a mediated moderation model
Qi, X., & Xu, H.-N. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.18658 · Cited by 7
Grover, S., & Sahoo, S. (2023) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_486_22 · Cited by 7
“[31] Available data also suggest a high correlation between depression and burnout [14,34] and burnout and anxiety.”
Collier, K. M., Greene, M. T., Gilmartin, H., Fowler, K. E., & Saint, S. K. (2023) · American Journal of Infection Control · doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2023.12.006 · Cited by 6
Lin, P., Lin, Y., Wang, X., Chen, L., Lin, Y., & Wu, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1483771 · Cited by 6
Yang, C., Su, W., Qiu, H., Pan, Y., Qi, Q., Zhang, S., & Yin, H. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084554 · Cited by 6
Lönnqvist, K., Sinervo, T. S., Kaihlanen, A., & Elovainio, M. J. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-024-12164-9 · Cited by 10
“Stress-related psychosocial factors at work not only have an adverse association with RNs’ health [11], but also associate negatively with the quality of patient care [12] and may lead to turn-over intention in early career [13] and early retirement intention in later career stages [14].”
Yu, H., Tibbitt, C. C., Carthon, J. M. B., Lasater, K. B., Bauermeister, J. A., & McHugh, M. D. (2025) · Health Equity · doi:10.1089/heq.2024.0196 · Cited by 6
Insomnia mediates the longitudinal association between loneliness and burnout among nurses
Świtaj, P., Baka, Ł., Kapica, Ł., Bugajska, J., Januszczak, J., & Sienkiewicz‐Jarosz, H. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-11264-8 · Cited by 8
Zhou, X., Duan, D., Chen, L., Zhang, Y., Gong, S., & Chen, Q. (2025) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1155/jonm/2320459 · Cited by 7
“More critically, both BO and STS were associated negatively with nurses’ occupational mental health and patient health outcomes in the organizational environment and clinical care [20, 21].”
Elevated levels of mental health issues among optometrists in the United Kingdom
Retallic, N., Rountree, L., Bentley, S., Fylan, F., & Elliott, D. B. (2025) · Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · doi:10.1111/opo.13553 · Cited by 6
Cui, Q., Jiang, J., Zhong, Y., Du, R., Zhang, Y., & Ge, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2025.105324 · Cited by 9
Li, X., Yang, F., Chen, X., Zhao, H., & Yu, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1764970 · Cited by 6
Sánchez, E. Q., Calvo‐Ayuso, N., Liébana‐Presa, C., Trevissón‐Redondo, B., Marqués‐Sánchez, P., & Ramos, N. A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054126 · Cited by 6
Jelen, A., Rodin, G., Graham, L., Goldfarb, R., Mah, K., Satele, D., Elliot, M., Krzyzanowska, M. K., & Rubin, B. B. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079106 · Cited by 6
Yu, S., Zhao, M., Li, Y., Liu, C., Fu, Y., Jiang, Y., & Guan, S. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18902-2 · Cited by 8
“The occupational population exhibits a higher depressive symptoms tendency with rising occupational stress and burnout [18, 19].”
BackgroundBibliometric analysis of nurses’ moral distress research
Li, X., Liu, X., Wang, F., Zhang, Y., Huang, J., Wang, J., & Zhou, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1504713 · Cited by 5
Tjasink, M., Carr, C. E., Bassett, P., Soosaipillai, G., Ougrin, D., & Priebe, S. (2025) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2024-002251 · Cited by 7
Hu, J., Zou, D., Xu, Q., Wu, Y., Fan, S., Wang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13212739 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, C., & Meier, S. T.
- Affiliations
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Chiahui
- Venue
- International Journal of Nursing Studies
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-12
- Volume
- 124
- Pages
- 104099
- ISSN
- 0020-7489 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3203781834
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 7.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2022-03-01)
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Nursing Studies (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Keywords
- burnout, depression, nurses, emotional exhaustion, Maslach Burnout Inventory, discriminant validity, occupational stress, nursing workforce
- MeSH terms
- Burnout, Psychological, Burnout, Professional, Depression, Emotions, Humans, Nurses
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
