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Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and pollen allergens from the birch tree (Betula verrucosa) and Timothy grass (Phleum pratense): involvement of shared glycan epitopes and implications for the hygiene hypothesis
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that schistosome infection can protect against allergic symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Here we have shown that rabbit IgG antibodies raised against Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens (SmSEA) are cross-reactive with a wide array of molecules in Timothy grass pollen (TGP) and birch tree pollen (BTP). Five of the cross-reactive pollen molecules (two from TGP and three from BTP) were selected randomly and identified by tandem mass spectrometric (TMS) analysis to be, respectively, the TGP allergens Phl p 1 and Phl p 5b, and BTP glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the BTP allergens Bet v 1 and Bet v 6.0102. Rabbit anti-SmSEA IgG antibodies that cross-reacted with each of the five allergens were found to be reactive with three major S. mansoni egg antigens, IPSE/alpha-1, omega-1 and kappa-5. Pairwise alignment of the amino acid sequences of each of the five TMS-identified pollen allergens with each of the three egg antigens revealed a low level of amino acid sequence identity. Further experiments indicated that the schistosome antigen/allergen cross-reactivity was mostly due to similar glycans present in helminths and plants, but not in mammals: so called cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs). Previously, CCDs have been implicated in the cross-reactivity between many plants and invertebrates. Furthermore, pollen-induced anti-CCD IgGs have been found in sera of patients undergoing allergen-specific…
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“For example, Schistosoma mansoni SmBv1L has been described as structurally related to the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, suggesting a possible basis for cross-recognition between parasite and plant-derived allergens (Igetei et al. 2018; Tyagi et al. 2015).”
From Parasites and allergies: a complex bidirectional relationship from evolutionary origins to modern therapeutics (2026) · cites this paper as Igetei et al. 2018
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“A subsequent study by the same group showed that cross-reactivity between S. mansoni antigens and birch or timothy grass pollen allergens, including Phl p 1, Phl p 5b, Bet v 1, Bet v 6.0102, and Bet v GST, also primarily resulted from shared CCDs”
From Parasites and allergies: a complex bidirectional relationship from evolutionary origins to modern therapeutics (2026) · cites this paper as Igetei et al. 2018
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Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths
Allen, J. E., & Maizels, R. M. (2011) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2992 · Cited by 831
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Packi, K., Świerczewski, D., Klimczak, S., Ochab, D., Gałęziewska, J., Gromek, P., Kruczkowska, W., Płuciennik, E., Kałuzińska-Kołat, Ż., & Kołat, D. (2026) · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · doi:10.1007/s10482-026-02425-4
Metadata
- Authors
- Igetei, J. E., El-Faham, M., Liddell, S., Schramm, G., & Doenhoff, M. J.
- Venue
- International Journal for Parasitology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-04
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 345-357
- ISSN
- 0020-7519
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
- Funders
- University of Nottingham
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- Igetei, J. E., El-Faham, M., Liddell, S., Schramm, G., & Doenhoff, M. J. (2018). Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and pollen allergens from the birch tree (Betula verrucosa) and Timothy grass (Phleum pratense): involvement of shared glycan epitopes and implications for the hygiene hypothesis. International Journal for Parasitology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.12.005