Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths
Abstract
The vertebrate immune system has evolved in concert with a broad range of infectious agents, including ubiquitous helminth (worm) parasites. The constant pressure of helminth infections has been a powerful force in shaping not only how immunity is initiated and maintained, but also how the body self-regulates and controls untoward immune responses to minimize overall harm. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in defining the immune cell types and molecules that are mobilized in response to helminth infection. Finally, we more broadly consider how these immunological players are blended and regulated in order to accommodate persistent infection or to mount a vigorous protective response and achieve sterile immunity.
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IL-5 is essential for containing parasitaemia.
“IL-5 is also essential for containing parasitaemia [49].”
From Emergent and Neglected Equine Filariosis in Egypt: Species Diversity and Host Immune Response (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
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“IL-5 is also essential for containing parasitaemia [49].”
Background
- Authors
- Allen, J. E., & Maizels, R. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Maizels, Rick M.
- Venue
- Nature reviews. Immunology
- Published
- 2011-05-25
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 375-388
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- OpenAlex
- W2018996778
- Cited by
- 831
- References
- 172
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 65
- FWCI
- 9.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Asthma and Lung UK
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- helminthiasis, Th2 immune response, protective immunity, immune cell types, immune molecules, immune regulation, persistent infection, sterile immunity, immune diversity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigenic Variation, Helminthiasis, Helminths, Host-Parasite Interactions, Humans, Immunity, Genetic Variation, Cytokines, Th2 Cells, Models, Immunological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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