The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dog bite injuries to the face: Is there risk with breed ownership? A systematic review with meta-analysis
Abstract
Introduction Dog bite injuries to the face are a serious, yet modifiable public health concern. This study explores the relationship between dog breed and the risk of biting and injury. The objective of this study is to determine the relative risk and severity of dog bite injuries to the face by breed. Methods Retrospective chart review of facial dog bite injuries presenting to the University of Virginia Health System and Nationwide Children's Hospital. Additionally, descriptive data was collected from 240 patients over the last 15 years. Bite risk by breed was assessed by a literature search from 1970 to current. A composite measure was used to determine the severity of injury, and characterize each patient into an ordinal scale of bite severity. An average of each breed bite rate within each study was calculated and combined to create an empiric bite risk by breed. Dog breeds were also further characterized morphologically. Results Bite risk by breed from the literature review and bite severity by breed from our case series were combined to create a total bite risk plot. Injuries from Pitbull's and mixed breed dogs were both more frequent and more severe. This data is well-suited for a bubble plot showing bite risk on the x-axis, bite severity on the y-axis, and size of the bubble by number of cases. This creates a "risk to own" graphic for potential dog owners. Conclusions Breeds vary in both rates of biting and severity. The highest risk breeds had both a high rate of biting and caused significant tissue injury. Physical characteristics can also help determine risk for unknown or mixed dog breeds. Potential dog owners can utilize this data when assessing which breed to own.
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“The analysis by breed revealed that pit bulls were responsible for the highest percentage of reported bites across all studies (22.5%), followed by mixed breed (21.2%), and German shepherds (17.8%).”
From A One Health Perspective on the Human-Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects. (2020) · cites this paper as [167]
Citations
Cites
Genetic Structure of the Purebred Domestic Dog
Parker, H. G., Kim, L. V., Sutter, N. B., Carlson, S., Lorentzen, T. D., Malek, T. B., Johnson, G. S., DeFrance, H. B., Ostrander, E. A., & Kruglyak, L. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097406 · Cited by 735
Breed differences in canine aggression
Duffy, D. L., Hsu, Y., & Serpell, J. A. (2008) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2008.04.006 · Cited by 334
Analysis of Dog Bites in Children Who Are Younger Than 17 Years
Schalamon, J., Ainoedhofer, H., Singer, G., Petnehazy, T., Mayr, J., Kiss, K., & Höllwarth, M. E. (2006) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1451 · Cited by 293
Which Dogs Bite? A Case-Control Study of Risk Factors
Gershman, K. A., Sacks, J. J., & Wright, J. C. (1994) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.93.6.913 · Cited by 203
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Breeds of dogs involved in fatal human attacks in the United States between 1979 and 1998
Sacks, J. J., Sinclair, L., Gilchrist, J., Golab, G. C., & Lockwood, R. (2000) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.2000.217.836 · Cited by 185
Sacks, J. J., Kresnow, M., & Houston, B. (1996) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/ip.2.1.52 · Cited by 172
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Kaye, A. E., Belz, J. M., & Kirschner, R. E. (2009) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e3181addad9 · Cited by 125
Dog and Cat Bites to the Hand: Treatment and Cost Assessment
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Schalamon, 2006, Analysis of dog bites in children who are younger than 17 years, Pediatrics, 117, 374, 10.1542/peds.2005-1451 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Overgaauw, P. A. M., Vinke, C. M., van Hagen, M. A. E., & Lipman, L. J. A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17113789 · Cited by 301
“Recently, a systematic review has been published that analyzed more than 26,000 bites from the literature of the past 30 years about the risk of bites relative to specific breeds of dogs, combining bite incidence with bite severity [167].”
BackgroundBelshaw, Z., Dean, R., & Asher, L. (2019) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-020-02404-5 · Cited by 47
“bites [8], challenges in finding and retaining rental ac-”
BackgroundHospitalizations for pediatric dog bite injuries in the United States
McLoughlin, R. J., Cournoyer, L., Hirsh, M. P., Cleary, M. A., & Aidlen, J. T. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.06.025 · Cited by 48
Pongrácz, P., & Dobos, P. (2024) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.13128 · Cited by 34
Khan, K. J., Horswell, B. B., & Samanta, D. (2019) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.joms.2019.11.002 · Cited by 34
Metadata
- Authors
- Essig, G. F., Sheehan, C., Rikhi, S., Elmaraghy, C. A., & Christophel, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Essig, Garth F.
- Venue
- International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 117
- Pages
- 182-188
- ISSN
- 0165-5876 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2902168520
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 0.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Facial Trauma and Fracture Management
- Keywords
- dog bites, facial trauma, dog breeds, bite severity, pit bulls, mixed-breed dogs, dog ownership, dog morphology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bites and Stings, Dental Occlusion, Dogs, Facial Injuries, Humans, Ownership, Risk Factors, Trauma Severity Indices
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- Essig, G. F., Sheehan, C., Rikhi, S., Elmaraghy, C. A., & Christophel, J. J. (2019). Dog bite injuries to the face: Is there risk with breed ownership? A systematic review with meta-analysis. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.11.028
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
