Cited by 68Effects of Radiation ExposureHematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationImmunotoxicology and immune responses

The Gottingen minipig is a model of the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome: g-colony stimulating factor stimulates hematopoiesis and enhances survival from lethal total-body γ-irradiation

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Abstract

Purpose We are characterizing the Gottingen minipig as an additional large animal model for advanced drug testing for the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) to enhance the discovery and development of novel radiation countermeasures. Among the advantages provided by this model, the similarities to human hematologic parameters and dynamics of cell loss/recovery after irradiation provide a convenient means to compare the efficacy of drugs known to affect bone marrow cellularity and hematopoiesis. Methods and materials Male Gottingen minipigs, 4 to 5 months old and weighing 9 to 11 kg, were used for this study. We tested the standard off-label treatment for ARS, rhG-CSF (Neupogen, 10 μg/kg/day for 17 days), at the estimated LD70/30 total-body γ-irradiation (TBI) radiation dose for the hematopoietic syndrome, starting 24 hours after irradiation. Results The results indicated that granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) enhanced survival, stimulated recovery from neutropenia, and induced mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition, the administration of G-CSF resulted in maturation of monocytes/macrophages. Conclusions These results support continuing efforts toward validation of the minipig as a large animal model for advanced testing of radiation countermeasures and characterization of the pathophysiology of ARS, and they suggest that the efficacy of G-CSF in improving survival after total body irradiation may involve mechanisms other than increasing the numbers of circulating granulocytes.

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  • In addition to clinical experience in radiological accident victims, there is a wealth of literature evaluating the efficacy of colony stimulating factors in well-controlled, randomized studies in canine, swine, and non-human primate models.

    “However, in addition to clinical experience in radiological accident victims, there is a wealth of literature evaluating the efficacy of colony stimulating factors in wellcontrolled, randomized studies in canine, swine, and non-human primate models (MacVittie et al., 1991;Moroni et al., 2013;Legesse et al., 2019).”

    From Medical countermeasures for the hematopoietic-subsyndrome of acute radiation syndrome in space (2022) · cites this paper as Moroni et al., 2013

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  • Those studies provide strong evidence for an acceleration of recovery from myelosuppression with a reduced risk for infection and bleeding leading to an improvement in the likelihood of survival.

    “In total, those studies provide strong evidence for an acceleration of recovery from myelosuppression with a reduced risk for infection and bleeding leading to an improvement in the likelihood of survival.”

    From Medical countermeasures for the hematopoietic-subsyndrome of acute radiation syndrome in space (2022) · cites this paper as Moroni et al., 2013

    The Discussion reports that G-CSF shortened neutropenia and thrombocytopenia and improved survival in irradiated minipigs. But the Results report similar microscopic hemorrhage in both groups and bacterial pneumonia in about half of each group, so the claimed reduction in infection and bleeding risk is not supported by these observations. Our copy provides no page numbers for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Authors
Moroni, M., Ngudiankama, B. F., Christensen, C., Olsen, C. H., Owens, R., Lombardini, E. D., Holt, R. K., & Whitnall, M. H.
Affiliations
  • Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (US)
  • Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science (TH)
Corresponding author
Moroni, Maria
Venue
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-08
Volume
86
Issue
5
Pages
986-992
ISSN
0360-3016 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1974837400
Cited by
64
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
4.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Y1-AI-1759-01, Y01 AI001759, K08AI001759)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
Keywords
Göttingen minipig, radiation sickness, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, radiation countermeasures, hematopoiesis, neutropenia recovery, hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization, survival, large animal model
MeSH terms
Filgrastim, Animals, C-Reactive Protein, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Hematopoiesis, Humans, Macrophages, Male, Monocytes, Neutropenia, Recombinant Proteins, Swine, Swine, Miniature, Whole-Body Irradiation, Reproducibility of Results, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization, Acute Radiation Syndrome, Organs at Risk

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