Utilisation of supercritical fluids for the effective extraction of waxes and Cannabidiol (CBD) from hemp wastes
Abstract
Up to 33% of hemp by mass can be lost in the form of dust during processing for fibre production. Heptane Soxhlet extractions and supercritical carbon dioxide extractions (scCO2) of hemp dust samples yielded significant quantities of high value lipophilic molecules including fatty acids, policosanols (fatty alcohols), fatty aldehydes, hydrocarbons, sterols, triterpenoids and cannabinoids (cannabidiol (CBD)). Dust collected from different stages of the mechanical processing of hemp fibres gave rise to lipophilic extractives with varying compositions, thus making the isolation and purification of these compounds easier. Of particular interest is CBD (5832.5±118.9μg/g of dust), which has attracted much attention for clinical-level studies due to its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of a variety of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Factorial experimental design was carried out to optimise the scCO2 extraction, with 350bar and 50°C yielding the selective extraction of higher value components.
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During bast fiber separation, 15 to 33% of the hemp stalk's mass becomes fines.
“During bast fiber separation, 15 to 33% of the hemp stalk’s mass becomes fines (Attard et al. 2018; Spierling et al. 2014).”
From A critical review of industrial fiber hemp anatomy, agronomic practices, and valorization into sustainable bioproducts (2025) · cites this paper as Attard et al. 2018
Cites
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Agronomy of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in Europe.
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Baldino, L., Scognamiglio, M., & Reverchon, E. (2020) · The Journal of Supercritical Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104960 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
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“[93] (Table 3) performed supercritical CO2 extraction on the dust from the fiber extraction, ranging temperature and pressure; the authors verified that conditions of 40 MPa and 65 ◦C produced the highest yield of crude wax, and at 35 MPa and 50 ◦C, the highest yields of fatty alcohols, fatty aldehydes, alkanes, stero…”
BackgroundDrinić, Z., Vladic, J., Koren, A., Zeremski, T., Stojanov, N., Tomić, M., & Vidović, S. (2021) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113908 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Cannabinoids Enriched Extracts from Industrial Hemp Residues
Vági, E., Balázs, M., Komóczi, A., Kiss, I., Mihalovits, M., & Székely, E. (2019) · Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering · doi:10.3311/ppch.12896 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Basak, M., Broadway, M., Lewis, J., Starkey, H., Bloomquist, M., Peszlen, I., Davis, J., Lucia, L. A., & Pal, L. (2025) · BioResources · doi:10.15376/biores.20.2.basak · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Hemp inflorescences contain many cannabinoids and secondary metabolites, such as THC, non-hallucinogenic CBD, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids (Bertoli et al. 2010).”
Influential
- Authors
- Attard, T. M., Bainier, C., Reinaud, M., Lanot, A., McQueen-Mason, S. J., & Hunt, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of York (GB)
- Khon Kaen University (TH)
- Corresponding author
- Hunt, Andrew J.
- Venue
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 112
- Pages
- 38-46
- ISSN
- 0926-6690 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2767616455
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 2.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Industrial Crops and Products (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission’s Directorate-General (311849)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural and Biological Research
- Keywords
- supercritical CO2 extraction, hemp waste, cannabidiol, cannabinoids, lipophilic extractives, fatty acids, policosanol, sterols, triterpenoids, extraction optimization
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