Cannabinoids Enriched Extracts from Industrial Hemp Residues
Open accessAbstract
Obtaining phytocannabinoids, associated with various medicinal and therapeutic properties with no reported side effects, is one of the hot topics. The phychotropic Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is less than 0.2 % in industrial cultivars therefore can be grown legally in many EU countries. Harvesting and processing of hemp for fiber or seeds generates large amount of wastes containing substantial amounts of bioactives such as cannabidiol (CBD) which are the primary cannabinoids along with cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabichromene (CBC). The aim of this work was to optimize the extraction of cannabinoids from industrial hemp threshing residue using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction in pilot scales. The effects of extraction pressure and temperature on the extraction yield were evaluated. Three ground and pelleted samples of the same type but with different harvesting time were also compared. After derivatization of the samples the cannabinoids and the minor THCs were quantified by GC-MS. The extraction yields were between 0.2 – 6.59 g/100 g dry mass depending on the source of hemp residue and on the process parameters of the extraction process. By increasing the pressure of extraction (in the range of 25-45 MPa at 45 °C) the extraction yields increased, meanwhile the yields of cannabinoids showed no significant increase. The volatile compounds were successfully separated from the cannabinoids with fractionated separation. From hemp threshing residues essential oil free extracts with high content of cannabinoids were obtained at 35 MPa extraction pressure and 45 °C temperature setting the first separator at 8 MPa and 40 °C.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Vági et al. obtained cannabinoids from threshing residue using supercritical CO2 extraction and verified the increase in the yield with pressure without a significant increase in the cannabinoids yield.
“Vági et al. [91] obtained cannabinoids from threshing residue using supercritical CO2 extraction and verified the increase in the yield with pressure without a significant increase in the cannabinoids yield.”
From Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Technology for Recovering Valuable Phytochemicals from Cannabis sativa L. and Valorization of Its Biomass for Food Applications (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
Harvesting and processing lose a considerable amount of threshing, containing substantial amounts of valuable compounds.
“The harvesting and processing lose a considerable amount of threshing, containing substantial amounts of valuable compounds [91].”
From Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Technology for Recovering Valuable Phytochemicals from Cannabis sativa L. and Valorization of Its Biomass for Food Applications (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
Cites
Cannabis sativa L. - Botany and Biotechnology
ElSohly, M. A., Lata, H., & Chandra, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54564-6 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Brighenti, V., Pellati, F., Steinbach, M., Maran, D., & Benvenuti, S. (2017) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.049 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis of cannabinoids: A critical review
Citti, C., Braghiroli, D., Vandelli, M. A., & Cannazza, G. (2017) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.003 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L
Rovetto, L. J., & Aieta, N. V. (2017) · The Journal of Supercritical Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2017.03.014 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Kitrytė, V., Bagdonaitė, D., & Rimantas Venskutonis, P. (2018) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.080 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Da Porto, C., Decorti, D., & Natolino, A. (2014) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.03.042 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction and Fractionation of Fennel Oil
Simándi, B., Deák, A., Rónyai, E., Gao, Y., Veress, T., Lemberkovics, É., Then, M., Sass-Kiss, Á., & Vamos-Falusi, Z. (1999) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf9809535 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Perrotin-Brunel, H., Kroon, M. C., van Roosmalen, M. J. E., van Spronsen, J., Peters, C. J., & Witkamp, G.-J. (2010) · The Journal of Supercritical Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2010.09.011 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Small, E. (2016) · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Attard, T. M., Bainier, C., Reinaud, M., Lanot, A., McQueen-Mason, S. J., & Hunt, A. J. (2018) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.10.045 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Moore, C. M., Rana, S., & Coulter, C. (2007) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.02.016 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Solubility of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in supercritical carbon dioxide: Experiments and modeling
Perrotin-Brunel, H., Pérez, P. C., van Roosmalen, M. J. E., van Spronsen, J., Witkamp, G., & Peters, C. J. (2009) · The Journal of Supercritical Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2009.12.001 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Harvey, D. J., & Paton, W. D. M. (1975) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)81020-7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Supercritical fluid extraction of seed oils – A short review of current trends
Ahangari, H., King, J. W., Ehsani, A., & Yousefi, M. (2021) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.066 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Baldino, L., Scognamiglio, M., & Reverchon, E. (2020) · The Journal of Supercritical Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104960 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Isidore, E., Karim, H., & Ioannou, I. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10060942 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Extraction techniques for bioactive compounds of cannabis
Martinez, A. S., Lanaridi, O., Stágel, K., Halbwirth, H., Schnürch, M., & Bica, K. (2023) · Natural Product Reports · doi:10.1039/d2np00059h · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Emerging challenges in the extraction, analysis and bioanalysis of cannabidiol and related compounds
Brighenti, V., Protti, M., Anceschi, L., Zanardi, C., Mercolini, L., & Pellati, F. (2020) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113633 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cannabinoids—Characteristics and Potential for Use in Food Production
Kanabus, J., Bryła, M., Roszko, M. Ł., Modrzewska, M., & Pierzgalski, A. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26216723 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Tiago, F. J., Paiva, A., Matias, A. A., & Duarte, A. R. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.892314 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
de Aguiar, A. C., Vardanega, R., Viganó, J., & Silva, E. K. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28093849 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“The harvesting and processing lose a considerable amount of threshing, containing substantial amounts of valuable compounds [91].”
BackgroundJokić, S., Jerković, I., Pavić, V., Aladić, K., Molnar, M., Jakovljević, M., & Vladimir‐Knežević, S. (2022) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph15091117 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Fractionation of phytocannabinoids from industrial hemp residues with high-pressure technologies
Vági, E., Balázs, M., Komóczi, A., Mihalovits, M., & Székely, E. (2020) · The Journal of Supercritical Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104898 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationUbeed, H. M. S. A., Brennan, C. S., Schanknecht, E., Alsherbiny, M. A., Saifullah, M., Nguyen, K. Q., & Vuong, Q. V. (2022) · International Journal of Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1111/ijfs.16116 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Jūrienė, L., Pukalskas, A., Syrpas, M., Urbonavičienė, D., Viškelis, P., & Venskutonis, P. R. (2020) · The Journal of Supercritical Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104884 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gomez, F. P., Hu, J., & Clarke, M. A. (2021) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c04121 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ahmadi, F., Kallinger, D., Starzinger, A., & Lackner, M. (2024) · Nitrogen · doi:10.3390/nitrogen5030042 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Piani, B., Ferfuia, C., Bortolomeazzi, R., Verardo, G., & Baldini, M. (2022) · Food Analytical Methods · doi:10.1007/s12161-022-02229-y · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Palmieri, S., Mascini, M., Oliva, E., Viteritti, E., Eugelio, F., Fanti, F., Compagnone, D., & Sergi, M. (2022) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08235 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Béri, J., Nagy, S., Kovács, A., Vági, E., & Székely, E. (2021) · Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering · doi:10.3311/ppch.18456 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationIndustrial hemp by-product valorization
Moliterni, V. M. C., Pojić, M., & Tiwari, B. (2022) · Industrial Hemp · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90910-5.00007-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Thermodynamics and transport properties of CBD and Δ9 -THC: A first attempt using molecular dynamics
Salas-Guerrero, L. F., Buendía‐Atencio, C., & Orozco, G. A. (2022) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121048 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Optimization of the supercritical extraction and decarboxylation process of industrial hemp
Makoter, T. Ž., Kotnik, P., Makoter, T., Knez, Ž., & Marevci, M. K. (2024) · Journal of CO2 Utilization · doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Baldino, L., Scognamiglio, M., & Reverchon, E. (2025) · The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1002/cjce.25612 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Muangrat, R., Chalermchat, Y., Siriwoharn, T., Jirarattanarangsri, W., Tangjaidee, P., Pongsirikul, I., & Pannasai, S. (2024) · Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants · doi:10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100595 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hanf, Industriehanf, Nutzhanf (Cannabis sativa var. sativa)
Montag, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-63014-3_63 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Arany, D., Kurucz, N., & Kőrösi, M. (2025) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c06958 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Imre, A. R., & Székely, E. (2019) · Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering · doi:10.3311/ppch.13782
Self-citationKhan, U., Warne, L. N., & Beh, C. C. (2025) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0291383
- Authors
- Vági, E., Balázs, M., Komóczi, A., Kiss, I., Mihalovits, M., & Székely, E.
- Affiliations
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics (HU)
- Bay Zoltán Foundation for Applied Research (HU)
- Venue
- Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering
- Published
- 2019-03-22
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 357-363
- ISSN
- 0324-5853 (ISSN-L)
- 1587-3765
- OpenAlex
- W2929308867
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem
- Emberi Eroforrások Minisztériuma
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural and Biological Research
- Keywords
- cannabinoids, supercritical CO2 extraction, cannabidiol, cannabidiolic acid, extraction yield optimization, extraction pressure and temperature, essential oil separation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
