Cited by 1,493Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumInfant Health and DevelopmentInfant Development and Preterm Care

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Postpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, and safety practices: A review

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Field, Tiffany·2010·Infant Behavior and Development

DOI 10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.10.005PMC PMC2819576

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Abstract

In this paper studies are reviewed from the last decade on postpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, safety practices and on early interventions. The interaction disturbances of depressed mothers and their infants appear to be universal, across different cultures and socioeconomic status groups and, include less sensitivity of the mothers and responsivity of the infants. Several caregiving activities also appear to be compromised by postpartum depression including feeding practices, most especially breastfeeding, sleep routines and well-child visits, vaccinations and safety practices. These data highlight the need for universal screening of maternal and paternal depression during the postpartum period. Early interventions reviewed here include psychotherapy and interaction coaching for the mothers, and infant massage for their infants.

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Maternal depression and parenting behavior
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Background
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“In both of these studies, the mothers with high postpartum depression scores were significantly more likely to discontinue breastfeeding at 4–16 weeks postpartum and were giving the infant water, juice or cereal during that time (McLearn et al., 2006a, 2006b; Paulson et al., 2006).”
Result
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Goodman, J. H. (2004) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02857.x · Cited by 660 · cited 1×
“Statistics from large sample studies have placed postpartum depression at about 20–40% in mothers and a somewhat lower percentage in fathers (Goodman, 2004; McCoy, Beal, Shipman, Payton, & Watson, 2006).”
Background
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Field, T., Diego, M., & Hernandez-Reif, M. (2006) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2006.03.003 · Cited by 592 · cited 3×
“Fewer of these behaviors have been noted in depressed mothers and their infants, which may contribute to their interaction disturbances (Field et al., 2006).”
BackgroundInfluential
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Association between maternal depressive symptoms in the early post-natal period and responsiveness in feeding at child age 2 years.
Mallan, K. M., Daniels, L. A., Wilson, J. L., Jansen, E., & Nicholson, J. M. (2015) · Maternal & Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/mcn.12116 · Cited by 28
“Mothers experiencing symptoms of depression tend to be less sensitive or responsive to their infant and show impaired performance in a variety of caregiving activities (Field 2010).”
Background
Mothers' experience of infant massage in child health care: A qualitative interview study
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“Postpartum depression can cause the parent to spend less time with their child and thus affect the bond between child and parent (Field, 2010).”
Background
The Interplay Between Sleep Apnea and Postpartum Depression
Maniaci, A., Via, L. L., Lentini, M., Pecorino, B., Chiofalo, B., Scibilia, G., Lavalle, S., Luca, A., & Scollo, P. (2025) · Neurology International · doi:10.3390/neurolint17020020 · Cited by 3
“It has been documented that depressed mothers However, Home Sleep Apnea Testing (HSAT) may underestimate sleep apnea severity, especially in mild to moderate cases [72]. display a less positive mood during interactions and can struggle to interpret their infants’ emotional signals [83].”
Economic burden of postpartum depression among mothers: Systematic review
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“16 However, the ﬁ ndings on the link between maternal depressive symptoms and infant behavioral temperament are mixed.”
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“PPD can interfere with a mother’s capacity to respond sensitively to her infant’s needs, provide consistent caregiving, express positive affect, and develop secure mother–child attachment (e.g., Field, 2010; Herba, 2014; Zhang & Shen, 2024).”
Video-Feedback Interventions Focusing on the Mother–Child Relationship: A Systematic Review of Program Characteristics, Evidence, and Outcomes in Early Childhood
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“Early relational experiences thus exert a profound and enduring influence, underscoring the central role of caregiv - ing not only in physical survival but also in shaping psychological and emotional development (Doinita & Maria, 2015 ; Field, 2010).”
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Gravidez e depressão pós-parto (DPP): uma revisão não sistemática sobre o estado da arte do conhecimento da DPP
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The first three years: The association of early postpartum depressive symptoms with infant and toddler development
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“[41,42] Additionally, parenting styles, including intrusive and passive behaviors, [42] insecure attachment, [14,43] reduced storytelling, and diminished verbal communication by depressed mothers, [44] expedite adverse effects on infant communication.”
Background
The Adaptation of a Postpartum Depression Prevention Evidence-Based Intervention in Family Homeless Shelters
Kerker, B. D., Milian, J., Clark, M. R., Weiss, D., Lewis, K. D. C., & Willheim, E. (2024) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-023-02771-1 · Cited by 3
“Postpartum depression affects approximately 20% to 40% of mothers with young children (Chaudron et al., 2004; Field, 2010), with rates highest among women with low socioeconomic status (Goyal et al., 2009; Lorant et al., 2007).”
Applying the PRECEDE-PROCEED model to develop MommaConnect: a digital healthcare platform for addressing postpartum depression and improving infant well-being
Posmontier, B., Horowitz, J. A., Geller, P. A., Elgohail, M., McDonough, M. R., Alvares, K., Smoot, J., Chang, K., & Ma, T. (2024) · Exploration of neuroscience · doi:10.37349/en.2024.00052 · Cited by 5
“Specifically, infants of mothers who experience PPD are at significant risk for poor long-term cognitive, emotional, and neurobehavioral development [9–11] because of the mothers’ impaired ability to respond sensitively and contingently to their infants [10–15].”
Background
Preliminary report: Sleep duration during late pregnancy predicts postpartum emotional responses among parents at risk for postpartum depression
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“…prenatal sleep and postnatal emotional responding are generalizable, it is important to explore these relations in clinical samples composed of individuals who are at higher risk for disturbed sleep, perinatal mood disorders, and difficulties with parent–child bonding and relationships [20, 21].”
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Maternal depressive symptoms in and beyond the perinatal period: associations with infant and preschooler sleep.
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“Postnatally, maternal depression is associated with lower personal, household, and social functioning [8], and may interfere with parent–infant interactions and caregiving activities, including sleep practices and routines [9].”
Impact of Prenatal Tourism in Mental Health Services in Developing Countries
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“Perinatal depression has harmful effects on a mother’s functioning and well-being, and longitudinally impacts the social-emotional and developmental functioning of children [3, 4].”
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“Parents’ psychological conditions, including depression, anxiety, and EDs themselves, profoundly influence children’s developmental trajectories, impacting emotional regulation, attachment security, and vulnerability to psychopathological conditions, including EDs [20,21].”
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The Relationship between Maternal Post-natal Depression and Children's Communication Competence
Park, C. H., & Lee, Y. S. (2015) · Korean Journal of Childcare and Education · doi:10.14698/jkcce.2015.11.113 · Cited by 3
Early Childhood Development and the Role of Preschool
Dündar, H., Béteille, T., Riboud, M., & Deolalikar, A. B. (2014) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0160-0_ch4 · Cited by 3
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“Many studies confirm the link between maternal depression and infant behaviour problems (for reviews see Field, 2010; Grace and Sansom, 2003; Murray and Cooper, 1997; Tronick, 2007).”
Treatment of Maternal Depression With In-Home Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Augmented by a Parenting Enhancement: A Case Report
Messer, E. P., Ammerman, R. T., Teeters, A. R., Bodley, A. L., HOWARD, J. M., Ginkel, J. B. V., & Putnam, F. W. (2017) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.10.002 · Cited by 3
“…2009), a module was added that addressed two core features of parenting in depressed mothers that have been found to be particularly resistant to treatments that are limited to depression alone: negative attributions of children (Bolton et al., 2003) and sensitivity to child cues (Field, 2010).”
Background

Authors: Field, T.
Affiliations: University of Miami (US)
Corresponding author: Field, Tiffany
ORCID: Field, Tiffany
Venue: Infant Behavior and Development
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-02
Volume: 33
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-6
ISSN: 0163-6383 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.10.005
PMC: PMC2819576
OpenAlex: W2055689655
Cited by: 1,493
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 51 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 141 · 2020: 217 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 108 · 2017: 84 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 45
FWCI: 3.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Infant Behavior and Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: NIH (AT# 00370)
March of Dimes Grant (# 12-FYO3-48)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Health and Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
Keywords: postpartum depression, mother-infant interaction, maternal sensitivity, parenting practices, breastfeeding, infant feeding practices, infant immunization, child safety practices, early intervention, universal screening, paternal depression, infant massage, psychotherapy
MeSH terms: Child Rearing, Fathers, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Mothers, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Depression, Postpartum

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Postpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, and safety practices: A review

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