State of teledermatology programs in the United States
Abstract
Background Teledermatology programs in the United States have evolved over the past several decades. No systematic survey of teledermatology programs in the United States is available in peer-reviewed literature.Objective To provide up-to-date information regarding the state of teledermatology programs in the United States.Methods Active U.S. teledermatology programs were surveyed in 2011 with regards to practice models, clinical volume, and payment methods. These findings were compared with those from 2003.Results By January 2012, 37 teledermatology programs were active in the United States. Store-and-forward teledermatology was the most frequent delivery modality offered by 30 (81%) of the programs. The majority of the programs were based at academic institutions (49%), followed by Veterans Administration hospitals (27%), private practice (16%), and health maintenance organizations (HMOs) (8%). The majority of programs (67%) provided services to their home state only, whereas the rest also served additional U.S. states or abroad. The median number of consultations per program was 309 (range, 5-6500) in 2011. The most frequent payer sources were private payers, followed by self-pay, Medicaid, Medicare, and HMOs. Since 2003, with the confirmed discontinuation of 24 previously active programs, the total number of active teledermatology programs in 2011 was 60% of that in 2003. However, the annual consult volume per program nearly doubled for the sustainable programs in 2011.Limitations Itemized billing information was not uniformly available from all programs.Conclusion The turnover in teledermatology programs is relatively constant, with an increase in consult volume for sustainable programs. Store-and-forward is the dominant modality of delivery, while hybrid technology model is emerging.
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A recent study of teledermatology programs in the United States observed that sustainability of services since 2003 depended strongly on volume of case throughput.
“A recent study of teledermatology programs in the United States observed that sustainability of services in the study period since 2003 had depended strongly on volume of case throughput [34].”
From Recent directions in telemedicine: Review of trends in research and practice (2015) · cites this paper as [34]
Cites
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Recent directions in telemedicine: Review of trends in research and practice
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- Authors
- Armstrong, A. W., Wu, J., Kovarik, C. L., Goldyne, M. E., Oh, D. H., McKoy, K. C., Shippy, A. M., & Pak, H. S.
- Affiliations
- American Academy of Dermatology (US)
- University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Armstrong, April W.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 939-944
- ISSN
- 0190-9622 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998695329
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 8.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Healthcare Systems and Technology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Keywords
- teledermatology, store-and-forward telemedicine, program sustainability, source of payment, practice models, academic medical centers, Veterans Affairs hospitals
- MeSH terms
- Dermatology, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, United States, Program Development, Telemedicine, Remote Consultation
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