Genomics and Cardiovascular Drug Development
Open accessAbstract
In the last half century, phenomenal advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and in developing therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and morbidity in the industrialized world, with rapidly rising prevalence in developing countries, accounting for approximately 30% of all deaths worldwide. Since the initial availability of statin drugs in 1987, few novel cardiovascular therapies have emerged. Whereas statins reduce the mortality and morbidity from atherosclerotic heart disease by approximately 30%, the staggering 70% residual cardiovascular risk underscores the persistent need for novel therapies. Substantial advances in genomic research offer promise to greatly facilitate cardiovascular drug development. Over the past decade, often termed "the genomics revolution," such advancements as the emergence of genome-wide genotyping in humans, the industrialization of messenger ribonucleic acid expression profiling, and the maturation of proteomic and metabolomic methodologies have been made. In addition, the advancement of informatics to allow the intersection of multiple complex datasets has led to the field of systems biology. Genomic approaches are already being utilized to drive novel compound pipelines by helping with the identification and validation of novel targets. In the future, the study of genomics is expected to support biomarker discovery and development and the identification of responder patient segments. The focus of the present review is the application of genomics to the development of novel atherosclerosis therapies.
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Cis-pQTLs are generally preferable for use as instruments in drug-target MR as compared to cis-eQTLs because the potential for pretranslational pleiotropy is potentially diminished when selecting variants based on their properties as cis-pQTLs versus cis-eQTLs.
“Cis variants for proteins (cis-protein quantitative trat loci; cis-pQTL) are generally preferable for use as instruments in drug-target MR as compared to cis variants for mRNA expression (cis-expression quantitative loci; cis-eQTL) as the potential for pretranslational pleiotropy 32 (i.e. horizontal pleiotropy that arises prior to translation of mRNA into proteins) is potentially diminished when”
From Integrating genomics with biomarkers and therapeutic targets to invigorate cardiovascular drug development (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
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Animal models of atherosclerosis
Emini Veseli, B., Perrotta, P., De Meyer, G. R. A., Roth, L., Van der Donckt, C., Martinet, W., & De Meyer, G. R. Y. (2017) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.010 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Holmes, M. V., Richardson, T. G., Ference, B. A., Davies, N. M., & Davey Smith, G. (2021) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-020-00493-1 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Atherosclerotic lesions in mouse and man: is it the same disease?
Bentzon, J. F., & Falk, E. (2010) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e32833ded6a · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease
Azhar, S. (2010) · Future Cardiology · doi:10.2217/fca.10.86 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Shim, J., Al-Mashhadi, R. H., Sørensen, C. B., & Bentzon, J. F. (2015) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.4646 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Towards a more relevant hind limb model of muscle ischaemia
Lotfi, S., Patel, A. S., Mattock, K., Egginton, S., Smith, A., & Modarai, B. (2012) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.060 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Rother, M., Krohn, S., Kania, G., Vanhoutte, D., Eisenreich, A., Wang, X., Westermann, D., Savvatis, K., Dannemann, N., Skurk, C., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.945261 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Buxton, D. B., Antman, M., Danthi, N., Dilsizian, V., Fayad, Z. A., Garcia, M. J., Jaff, M. R., Klimas, M., Libby, P., Nahrendorf, M., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.000943 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Lin, J., Li, H., Xia, J., Li, X., Jiang, X., Zhu, S., Ge, J., & Li, J. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep24855 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Clinical Trials: Past, Present, Future
Halim, S. A., Newby, L. K., & Ohman, E. M. (2011) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2011.165787 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Mercuro, G. G., Bassareo, P. P., Deidda, M., Dessalvi, C. C., Barberini, L., & Atzori, L. (2011) · Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.2459/jcm.0b013e32834a658f · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The role of genomics and proteomics in drug discovery and its application in pharmacy
Dogiparthi, L. K., Bukke, S. P. N., Thalluri, C., Thalamanchi, B., Vidya, K. P., Sree, G. N., Tatiparthi, H., Uppicherla, D., & Thummaginjala, K. P. (2025) · Discover Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-025-07155-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Tietjen, I., Hovingh, G. K., Singaraja, R. R., Radomski, C., Barhdadi, A., McEwen, J., Chan, E., Mattice, M., Legendre, A., Franchini, P. L., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037437 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hewing, B., & Fisher, E. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1517/17460441.2012.660143 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Kathiresan, S. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.967 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Mohamed, T., Zakeri, S. A., Baudoin, F., Wolf, M., Oceandy, D., Cartwright, E. J., Gul, S., & Neyses, L. (2013) · Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.18433/j3pg68 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Integrating biomarkers: The new frontier?
Köenig, W. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365513.2010.493427 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Fu, P., Yang, L., Sun, Y., Li, Y., Cao, Z., & Tang, K. (2014) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-15-s4-s3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Shim, J. T., Handberg, A., Östergren, C., Falk, E., & Bentzon, J. F. (2011) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.111.229674 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Azuaje, F. J., Zheng, H., Camargo, A. V., & Wang, H. (2011) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2011.02.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Lipid Hypothesis and the Seven Countries Study
Lordan, R., Τσούπρας, Α., & Zabetakis, I. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813792-5.00004-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Pu, B., Gu, P., Luo, L., Yue, D., Qiao, X., Zeng, Z., Zheng, X., & Luo, W. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000033542 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Illnait-Ferrer, J. (2014) · Revista CENIC. Ciencias biológicas
Zhu, C., Wood, N. B., Xu, X. Y., & Gillard, J. H. (2013) · Recent Patents on Medical Imaging · doi:10.2174/1877613211303010005
Rethinking Drug Discovery and Targeting After the Genomic Revolution
Chejara, D. R., Badhe, R. V., Kumar, P., Choonara, Y. E., Tomar, L. K., Tyagi, C., & Pillay, V. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7506-3_1
Lodola, A., & Stadler, J. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9780470909911.ch1
Recent Publications on Medications and Pharmacy
Sterling, J. A. (2008) · Hospital Pharmacy · doi:10.1310/hpj4312-1024
Kawtharany, L. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8266a539zd176z4839zb688z6235f93ffe7c
Zafarmand, M. H., Becker, K. D., & Doevendans, P. A. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84996-471-5_28
- Authors
- Plump, A. S., & Lum, P. Y.
- Affiliations
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Plump, Andrew S.
- ORCID
- Lum, Pek Yee
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1089-1100
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1979304071
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- cardiovascular drug development, genomics, atherosclerosis, residual cardiovascular risk, statins, genome-wide genotyping, gene expression profiling, proteomics, metabolomics, systems biology, drug target identification, biomarker discovery, cardiovascular disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cardiovascular Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Forecasting, Humans, Biomarkers, Drug Delivery Systems, Genomics, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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