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Prevalences of positive skin test responses to 10 common allergens in the US population: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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Background Allergy skin tests were administered in the second and third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES II and III) conducted in the United States from 1976 through 1980 and 1988 through 1994, respectively.Objectives This study estimated positive skin test response rates in NHANES III and identified predictors of one or more positive test responses. Comparisons with NHANES II were also made.Methods In NHANES III, 10 allergens and 2 controls were tested in all subjects aged 6 to 19 years and a random half-sample of subjects aged 20 to 59 years. A wheal-based definition of a positive test response was used.Results In NHANES III, 54.3% of the population had positive test responses to 1 or more allergens. Prevalences were 27.5% for dust mite, 26.9% for perennial rye, 26.2% for short ragweed, 26.1% for German cockroach, 18.1% for Bermuda grass, 17.0% for cat, 15.2% for Russian thistle, 13.2% for white oak, 12.9% for Alternaria alternata, and 8.6% for peanut. Among those with positive test responses, the median number of positive responses was 3.0. Adjusted odds of a positive test response were higher for the following variables: age of 20 to 29 years, male sex, minority race, western region, old homes, and lower serum cotinine levels. For the 6 allergens common to NHANES II and III, prevalences were 2.1 to 5.5 times higher in NHANES III.Conclusions The majority of the US population represented in NHANES III was sensitized to 1 or more allergens. Whether the higher prevalences observed in NHANES III reflect true changes in prevalence or methodological differences between the surveys cannot be determined with certainty.
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“While positive testing does indicate evidence of sensitization, this does not necessarily correlate with allergic nasal disease.1843”
From International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (2018) · cites this paper as [1843]
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Subcutaneous immunotherapy takes more than the time in the clinic
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BackgroundSensitization pattern to environmental allergens in a Japanese population
Kitahara, A., Yamamoto, Y., Fukutomi, Y., Shiraishi, Y., Tanaka, J., Oguma, T., Taniguchi, M., Nagai, T., & Asano, K. (2022) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Global · doi:10.1016/j.jacig.2022.10.004 · Cited by 6
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Aud-in, S., Juprasong, Y., Pinkaew, B., Talek, K., Tantilipikorn, P., & Songnuan, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1301095 · Cited by 6
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“As 54% of the population has allergic sensitization, however, this limitation may be minimal (29).”
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“Allergen exposure and sensitization is a known risk factor for asthma development.(20) Animal models suggest that adipokine levels change in serum and bronchoalveolar (BAL) 24 or 48 hours following allergen exposure, causing altered systemic and pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness.”
BackgroundHome freezers kill house dust mites
Feichtner, C. R., Arlian, L. G., Morgan, M. S., & Vyszenski-Moher, D. L. (2017) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.028 · Cited by 6
Sensitization to allergens of domestic animals
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“Studies often involve monosensitized patients, but the majority of American patients have polysensitization [ 5 ].”
BackgroundInfluentialInhalant Allergies in Children
Mims, J. “., & Veling, M. C. (2011) · Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.otc.2011.03.013 · Cited by 7
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BackgroundAssessment of childhood allergy for the primary care practitioner
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“For example, according to Arbes et al. (2005), about 26% of the US population is sensitized to ragweed pollen and 17% of the population tested at Hermosillo is also sensitive to this pollen type (Ortega-Rosas et al. 2021).”
BackgroundHsin, L., Hew, M. J., Aui, P. M., Deckert, K., Hogarth, P. M., O’Hehir, R. E., & van Zelm, M. C. (2025) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.16513 · Cited by 5
Public health and veterinary importance
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“We selected these two additional allergens besides dust mites so that we could provide a model that would incorporate the most common allergies [25,26] and test the efficacy of a SLIT preparation that was a mixture of frequently used allergens.”
MethodUpdate about Oralair® as a treatment for grass pollen allergic rhinitis
Klimek, L., Brehler, R., Mösges, R., Demoly, P. M., Mullol, J., Wang, D. Y., O’Hehir, R. E., Didier, A. P., Kopp, M., Bos, C., et al. (2022) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2066424 · Cited by 5
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ResultDifferential Correlations among Allergy Tests According to Indoor Allergens in Allergic Rhinitis
Nam, J. S., Ahn, S. H., Ha, J., Park, J.-J., Noh, H. E., Yoon, J., Kim, C., & Cho, H. (2021) · Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology · doi:10.1177/00034894211008702 · Cited by 5
Study of Cat Allergy Using Controlled Methodology—A Review of the Literature and a Call to Action
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“Sensitization to fungi affects at least 3%–10% of the world’s population,1 and research performed in Beijing has revealed that fungi have gradually replaced dust mites as the most important inhalation allergens.2 Alternaria is one of the most common allergic fungal genera and is considered to promote the development,…”
BackgroundInfluentialHistamine excretion in common indoor and hematophagous arthropods
Principato, S., Romero, Á., Lee, C., Campbell, K., Choe, D., Schal, C., & DeVries, Z. C. (2023) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1093/jme/tjad103 · Cited by 5
“For example, cockroaches and their associated allergens have been identified as one of the most important causes of asthma morbidity in sensitized individuals, particularly in urban environments (Rosenstreich et al. 1997, Akerman et al. 2003, Arbes et al. 2005, Pawankar et al. 2012, Do et al. 2016).”
BackgroundAlternaria Allergy and Immunotherapy
Chen, H., & Zhu, R. (2024) · International Archives of Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1159/000539237 · Cited by 5
“In another study of US general population by skin test, the sensitization rate to Alternaria is reported to be 13% [8].”
Ivanova, J. I., Kelkar, S. S., King, S. B., Birnbaum, H. G., Hocker, S., Phipps, R. J., & Lankow, R. (2015) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.3111/13696998.2015.1061533 · Cited by 5
A history of allergies is associated with reduced risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma
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“positive skin prick test for ‘‘any allergy’’ and a 40 % positive skin prick test for ‘‘outdoor’’ allergens [35].”
Perfil clínico de sensibilización a hongos en Medellín, Colombia
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Can pan-allergens affect the sensitization pattern?
Ciprandi, G., Comite, P., Bruzzone, M., & Fontana, V. (2017) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2017.01.006 · Cited by 5
Atopic Dermatitis: From Etiology and History to Treatment
Dourmishev, L., & Mironova, N. (2021) · Acta Medica Bulgarica · doi:10.2478/amb-2021-0039 · Cited by 5
Impacts of Climate Change on Indoor Allergens
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Immunologic modification in mono‐ and poly‐sensitized patients after sublingual immunotherapy
Kim, J. Y., Han, D. H., Won, T., Kim, H. J., Lee, C. H., Rhee, C., & Kim, D. (2018) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.27721 · Cited by 5
“5% of patients who were sensitized to at least one allergen.(11) In Fig.”
BackgroundFood and Aeroallergen Sensitization in IgE -Mediated Asthma in Egypt
Ali, A. H. K. (2021) · The Open Respiratory Medicine Journal · doi:10.2174/1874306402115010052 · Cited by 5
Ciprandi, G., Comite, P., Ferrero, F., Minale, P., Voltolini, S., Bignardi, D., Fontana, V., Bruzzone, M., Troise, C., & Mussap, M. (2015) · International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology · doi:10.1002/alr.21612 · Cited by 5
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Ragweed (Ambrosia) pollen transport and seed production in Finland during 1990–2022
Louna‐Korteniemi, M., Pätsi, S., Ahola, P., Ekebom, A., Kyyhkynen, M., Toiviainen, L., Viljanen, M., & Saarto, A. (2025) · Aerobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10453-025-09860-2 · Cited by 4
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Par j 2 IgE measurement for distinguishing between sensitization and allergy
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How much of the farming effect is environmental?
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Metadata
- Authors
- Arbes Jr., S. J., Gergen, P. J., Elliott, L., & Zeldin, D. C.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zeldin, Darryl C.
- ORCID
- Zeldin, Darryl C.
- Venue
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-08
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 377-383
- ISSN
- 0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2017199648
- Cited by
- 639
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 18.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
- Keywords
- allergen sensitization, skin test reactivity, allergen prevalence, dust mites, Blattella germanica, Cynodon dactylon, cat allergen, Russian thistle, Quercus alba, Alternaria alternata, peanut allergens, NHANES III, NHANES II, serum cotinine
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Allergens, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Skin Tests, United States, Prevalence
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