The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Improving Diversity, Inclusion, and Representation in Radiology and Radiation Oncology Part 1: Why These Matter
Open accessAbstract
The ACR Commission for Women and General Diversity is committed to identifying barriers to a diverse physician workforce in radiology and radiation oncology (RRO), and to offering policy recommendations to overcome these barriers. In Part 1 of a 2-part position article from the commission, diversity as a concept and its dimensions of personality, character, ethnicity, biology, biography, and organization are introduced. Terms commonly used to describe diverse individuals and groups are reviewed. The history of diversity and inclusion in US society and health care are addressed. The post-Civil Rights Era evolution of diversity in medicine is delineated: Diversity 1.0, with basic awareness, nondiscrimination, and recruitment; Diversity 2.0, with appreciation of the value of diversity but inclusion as peripheral or in opposition to other goals; and Diversity 3.0, which integrates diversity and inclusion into core missions of organizations and their leadership, and leverages its potential for innovation and contribution. The current states of diversity and inclusion in RRO are reviewed in regard to gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and gender identity. The lack of representation and unchanged demographics in these fields relative to other medical specialties are explored. The business case for diversity is discussed, with examples of successful models and potential application to the health care industry in general and to RRO. The moral, ethical, and public health imperative for diversity is also highlighted.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Considerable research suggests that developing a healthcare workforce that is reflective of the racial diversity of the population that it serves is in the best interest of the performance of the entire health care system [92,93].”
From Reducing Racial Inequities in Health: Using What We Already Know to Take Action (2019) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“Research also indicates that racial concordance between a patient and a clinician has been associated with better patient-provider communication and overall health outcomes, as well as higher levels of patient satisfaction with care and adherence to provider recommendations [92,93].”
From Reducing Racial Inequities in Health: Using What We Already Know to Take Action (2019) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“This research indicates that underrepresented minorities (URM) are more likely to work with underserved populations, with URM from the highest SES backgrounds working in under-served areas at higher rates than do white physicians from the lowest SES backgrounds [93].”
From Reducing Racial Inequities in Health: Using What We Already Know to Take Action (2019) · cites this paper as [93]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-2699 · Cited by 2,591
The difference: how the power of diversity creates better groups, firms, schools, and societies
(2007) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-1534 · Cited by 2,280
Race, Gender, and Partnership in the Patient-Physician Relationship
Cooper, L. A. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.6.583 · Cited by 2,161
Does Diversity Pay?: Race, Gender, and the Business Case for Diversity
Herring, C. (2009) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240907400203 · Cited by 1,260
The effects of diversity on business performance: Report of the diversity research network
Kochan, T., Bezrukova, K., Ely, R., Jackson, S., Joshi, A., Jehn, K., Leonard, J. S., Levine, D. I., & Thomas, D. A. (2003) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.10061 · Cited by 1,175
Patient-Physician Racial Concordance and the Perceived Quality and Use of Health Care
Saha, S., Komaromy, M., Koepsell, T. D., & Bindman, A. B. (1999) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.159.9.997 · Cited by 1,125
Hobbs, F. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012641955-9/50041-2 · Cited by 619
Minority Physicians’ Role in the Care of Underserved Patients
Marrast, L. M., Zallman, L., Woolhandler, S. J., Bor, D. H., & McCormick, D. (2013) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.12756 · Cited by 611
Patient–Physician Relationships and Racial Disparities in the Quality of Health Care
Saha, S., Arbelaez, J. J., & Cooper, L. A. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.10.1713 · Cited by 577
Jayne, M. E. A., & Dipboye, R. L. (2004) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.20033 · Cited by 517
Student Body Racial and Ethnic Composition and Diversity-Related Outcomes in US Medical Schools
Saha, S. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.300.10.1135 · Cited by 425
American Psychological Association ( APA )
Hsu, K. J., & Davison, G. C. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp359 · Cited by 264
Sullivan, L. W. (2004) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · doi:10.13016/cwij-acxl · Cited by 234
Cooper, L. A., & Powe, N. R. (2004) · doi:10.13016/xfcu-rh1z · Cited by 216
Thomas, D. A. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315668703-9 · Cited by 182
Commentary: Diversity 3.0: A Necessary Systems Upgrade
Nivet, M. A. (2011) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3182351f79 · Cited by 176
Current Status of Diversity by Race, Hispanic Ethnicity, and Sex in Diagnostic Radiology
Chapman, C. H., Hwang, W., Both, S., Thomas, C. R., & Deville, C. (2013) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.13130101 · Cited by 161
Self-citationSmith, S. G., Nsiah-Kumi, P. A., Jones, P. R., & Pamies, R. J. (2009) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31030-0 · Cited by 157
Diversity Based on Race, Ethnicity, and Sex, of the US Radiation Oncology Physician Workforce
Chapman, C. H., Hwang, W., & Deville, C. (2012) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.08.020 · Cited by 120
Self-citationLightfoote, J. B., Fielding, J. R., Deville, C., Gunderman, R. B., Morgan, G. N., Pandharipande, P. V., Duerinckx, A. J., Wynn, R. B., & Macura, K. J. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2014.03.008 · Cited by 117
Self-citationRace-Neutral Versus Race-Conscious Workforce Policy To Improve Access To Care
Saha, S. S., & Shipman, S. A. (2008) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.27.1.234 · Cited by 103
Graduate Medical Education, 2010-2011
Brotherton, S. E., & Etzel, S. I. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1236 · Cited by 99
COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC WORKFORCE, Pletcher, B. A., Rimsza, M. E., Basco, W. T., Hotaling, A. J., Sigrest, T. D., & Simon, F. A. (2013) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2268 · Cited by 88
Current Status of Diversity by Race, Hispanic Ethnicity, and Sex in Diagnostic Radiology
Chapman, C. H., Hwang, W., Both, S., Thomas, C. R., & Deville, C. (2013) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.13130101 · Cited by 83
Self-citationWomen as Radiologists: Are There Barriers to Entry and Advancement?
Baker, S. R., Barry, M. A., Chaudhry, H., & Hubbi, B. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2005.10.001 · Cited by 77
Graduate Medical Education, 2012-2013
Brotherton, S. E., & Etzel, S. I. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.278364 · Cited by 75
Saha, S. (2013) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.12736 · Cited by 69
Lewis, R. S., Bhargavan, M., & Sunshine, J. H. (2007) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2423060282 · Cited by 63
Gender Trends in Radiation Oncology in the United States: A 30-Year Analysis
Ahmed, A. A. O. M., Egleston, B. L., Holliday, E. B., Eastwick, G. A., Takita, C., & Jagsi, R. (2013) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.09.025 · Cited by 57
Butler, P. D., Britt, L. D., Green, M. L., Longaker, M. T., Geis, P. W., Franklin, M. E., Ruhalter, A., & Fullum, T. M. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.06.019 · Cited by 55
Women in the radiology profession: data from a 1995 national survey.
Deitch, C. H., Sunshine, J. H., Chan, W. C., & Shaffer, K. A. (1998) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.170.2.9456926 · Cited by 53
Patient-physician race concordance and its relationship to perceived health outcomes.
Kumar, D., Schlundt, D. G., & Wallston, K. A. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 38
Sánchez, J. P., Castillo-Page, L., Spencer, D. J., Yehia, B. R., Peters, L., Freeman, B. K., & Lee-Rey, E. T. (2011) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31822220df · Cited by 36
Why Workforce Diversity in Oncology Matters
Winkfield, K. M., & Gabeau, D. (2013) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.11.004 · Cited by 35
Forman, H. P., Larson, D. B., Kaye, A. D., Kazerooni, E. A., Norbash, A., Crowe, J. K., Javitt, M. C., & Beauchamp, N. J. (2011) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.11.8053 · Cited by 30
Women in Radiation Oncology: Time to Break Through the Glass Ceiling
Jagsi, R., & Tarbell, N. J. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2006.08.004 · Cited by 27
Smith, S. G., Nsiah-Kumi, P. A., Jones, P. R., & Pamies, R. J. (2009) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31031-2 · Cited by 24
Us + Them: Tapping the Positive Power of Difference
Pittinsky, T. L. (2012) · Cited by 20
Black under-Representation in United States Medical Schools
Sleeth, B. C., & Mishell, R. I. (1977) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197711242972104 · Cited by 18
Boechat, M. I. (2010) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-010-1544-7 · Cited by 18
Increasing Diversity: Underrepresented Minorities
Gunderman, R. B., & Moore, M. (2008) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2007.09.018 · Cited by 6
Self-citationA glimpse into the history of the contributions of women to American radiotherapy
Donaldson, S. S. (1994) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/0360-3016(94)90581-9 · Cited by 5
Statement on health care disparities.
(2010) · PubMed · Cited by 4
United States Radiation Oncology Residency Diversity Over the Past 20 Years
Deville, C., Hwang, W., Both, S., Thomas, C., & Chapman, C. H. (2013) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1331 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Hansen, 2013, Diversified assets: A new ACR commission seeks to change the traditional face of radiology, ACR Bull, 68
- Macura, 2013, Diversity 3.0: Are we there yet, ACR Bull, 68
- Cobb, 1955, Association of American Medical Colleges acknowedges problem, J Natl Med Assoc, 47, 73
- AMA. AMA policies on GLBT issues 2013. Available at: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-people/member-groups-sections/glbt-advisory-committee/ama-policy-regarding-sexual-orientation.page. Accessed November 23, 2013.
- Chen, 2013, 5 signs that disney has supported gay rights for over 2 decades, PolicyMic
- 2011, Only skin deep? Re-examining the business case for diversity, Australia, Syndey
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Reducing Racial Inequities in Health: Using What We Already Know to Take Action
Williams, D. R., & Cooper, L. A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16040606 · Cited by 415
Surgical time out: Our counts are still short on racial diversity in academic surgery
Abelson, J. S., Symer, M. M., Yeo, H., Butler, P. D., Dolan, P. T., Moo, T. A., & Watkins, A. C. (2017) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.06.028 · Cited by 136
Women in Leadership: Why So Few and What to Do About It
Surawicz, C. M. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2016.08.026 · Cited by 126
Narrowing the Gap: Imaging Disparities in Radiology
Waite, S., Scott, J. A., & Colombo, D. (2021) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2021203742 · Cited by 130
Lightfoote, J. B., Fielding, J. R., Deville, C., Gunderman, R. B., Morgan, G. N., Pandharipande, P. V., Duerinckx, A. J., Wynn, R. B., & Macura, K. J. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2014.03.008 · Cited by 117
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Lightfoote, J. B., Fielding, J. R., Deville, C., Gunderman, R. B., Morgan, G. N., Pandharipande, P. V., Duerinckx, A. J., Wynn, R. B., & Macura, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Virginia Mason Medical Center (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lightfoote, Johnson B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Radiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 673-680
- ISSN
- 1546-1440 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4332829
- OpenAlex
- W2160657387
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 17.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Radiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Health Resources and Services Administration
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA006973)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Diversity and Career in Medicine
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Career Development and Diversity
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Diversity and Inequality
- Keywords
- diversity in medicine, inclusion, representation, radiology workforce, radiation oncology workforce, gender diversity, racial and ethnic diversity, sexual orientation, gender identity, diversity policy, business case for diversity
- MeSH terms
- Workforce, Minority Groups, Physicians, Prejudice, United States, Radiation Oncology, Cultural Diversity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
