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Mental health and its correlates among children and adolescents during COVID-19 school closure: The importance of parent-child discussion
Open accessAbstract
Background School closures due to the COVID-19 outbreak have affected 87% of the world's students physically, socially, and psychologically, yet rigorous investigation into their mental health during this period is still lacking. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of 4-342 primary and secondary school students from Shanghai, China was conducted during March 13-23, 2020. Besides demographic information, psychological distress (including depression, anxiety, and stress), life satisfaction, perceived impact of home quarantine, and parent-child discussions on COVID-19 were assessed. Results The three most prevalent symptoms were: anxiety (24.9%), depression (19.7%), and stress (15.2%). Participants were generally satisfied with life and 21.4% became more satisfied with life during school closures. Senior grades were positively correlated with psychopathological symptoms and negatively associated with life satisfaction, whereas the perceived benefit from home quarantine and parent-child discussions on COVID-19 were negatively correlated with psychopathological symptoms and positively correlated with life satisfaction. Among participants who perceived no benefit from home quarantine, those who had discussions with their parents about COVID-19 experienced less depression, anxiety, and stress. Limitations Limitations included the inability to infer the casual relationship, no parental report for mental health of children aged 6 to 9, and the inadequate measurement of parent-child discussion. Conclusions Mental health problems and resilience co-existed in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak. Given the important role of parent-child discussions, open communication between parents and children about the pandemic should be encouraged to help children and adolescents cope with mental health problems in public health crisis.
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In the citing paper
“In an unfamiliar situation of home-quarantine, children do not always know how to communicate their fears and anxieties [31].”
From COVID-19-Related Anxiety Symptoms among Quarantined Adolescents and Its Impact on Sleep Pattern Changes and Somatic Symptoms (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“our findings of five studies on children and 16 studies on college students”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
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“Five studies remained, which were all cross-sectional studies, conducted in China, and the variables most commonly measured were depression and anxiety [14–18].”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
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“the variables most commonly measured were depression and anxiety [14–18]”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
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“Due to difficulties in accessing respondents, most studies have focused on school-aged children or adolescents (Duan et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2021), and only a few have explored mental health in younger children.”
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“Dysfunctional child cognitions could be corrected through parent-child discussions about the stressor, which has been shown to reduce psychopathological symptoms in older children [10,73].”
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“Research suggests that parent‒child discussions could change individuals’ perceptions and cultivate positive mindsets, which in turn reduce children’s depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms [24].”
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“Contudo, indivíduos que apresentam maior suporte familiar afetivo têm menores chances de serem acometidas pela depressão.43-44 De fato, potencializar, neste momento de crise, relações de afeto entre pais e filhos é essencial para o desenvolvimento e cuidado.45 Observou-se também que o estresse compõe o terceiro impact…”
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“These domains improve the mood of children and adolescents and are protective factors against symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (Bartek et al., 2021; Gao et al., 2020; Imran et al., 2020; Shah et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2021).”
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“A review pro - vided interesting findings regarding the timing of BF and its impact, suggesting that the beneficial effects are greater when traumatic events persist for more than two years (Folkman, 2008; Tang et al., 2021 ).”
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“Research on various arts-based interventions has pointed to specific health benefits, including the reduction of stress and anxiety [6–8] and improved emotion regulation [9], healthy behavior [10], and social resilience [11].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Tang, S., Xiang, M., Cheung, T., & Xiang, Y.-T.
- Affiliations
- Shenzhen University (CN)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- University of Macau (MO)
- Corresponding author
- Tang, Suqin
- Xiang, Mi
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 279
- Pages
- 353-360
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7550131
- OpenAlex
- W3092386566
- Cited by
- 628
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 144 · 2022: 208 · 2021: 115
- FWCI
- 46.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Shenzhen University
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, school closures, child and adolescent mental health, psychological distress, depression, anxiety, stress, life satisfaction, parent-child communication, home quarantine, resilience, pandemic coping
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Anxiety, Child, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Quarantine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schools, Students, Pandemics
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