CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 167Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumFamily Dynamics and RelationshipsInfant Health and Development

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Factors Influencing Paternal Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Wang, Dan, Li, Yi-Lu, Qiu, Dan, Xiao, Shui-Yuan·2021·Journal of Affective Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.088
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Postpartum period is a critical time that requires adjustments not only for mothers but also for fathers and may pose risk for depression. Studies show that the prevalence of paternal postpartum depression (PPD) is between 1.2% and 25.5%. PPD is an under-recognized public health issue and its reported influencing factors are still inconclusive.Objective The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature by examining influencing factors that affect paternal PPD and describe the strength their associations.Methods We conducted keyword search of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and PsycARTICLES electronic databases up to Jan 17, 2020, without language restrictions, for observational studies investigating the factors influencing paternal PPD and its effects. Fixed or random effect model was used to pool odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with Stata software 12.0. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using Cochran's chi-squared test (Cochran's Q) and I 2 values.Results Nineteen cross-sectional studies and eighteen cohort studies published from 1996 to 2019 were included in this review and seventeen studies in the meta-analysis. Factors affecting paternal PPD can be classified into paternal, maternal, infant and family factors. In Meta-analysis, 9 of 17 influencing factors were revealed to be statistically significant: 1) paternal factors: unemployment OR= 2.59 (95%CI:1.42-4.74), low social support OR=1.05 (95%CI:1.03-1.08), negative life events OR=1.45 (95%CI:1.13-1.87), perceived stress OR=1.08 (95%CI:1.03-1.12), financial strain OR=2.07 (95%CI:1.13-3.81), history of mental illness OR=3.48 (95%CI:2.49-4.86); 2) maternal factors: parity OR=1.36 (95%CI:1.13-1.65) and maternal postnatal depression OR=1.17 (95%CI:1.03-1.33); 3) family factors: low marital satisfaction OR=1.40 (95%CI:1.22-1.61). No statistically significant association with infant factors was found in the meta-analysis.Limitations There was publication bias since we only included English studies. Samples were under-represented in low-and middle-income countries. The meta-analysis results are subject to unobserved confounding factors and cannot explain causality.Conclusion This overview of the evidence suggests a relationship between paternal employment, psychological status, history of maternal mental illness, first pregnancy, marital relationship and paternal PPD. The low number of studies for some infant factors in meta-analysis leaves gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed. The mechanisms underlying the reported associations and their causal relationship still remain unclear. The awareness of the serious long-term consequences of paternal PPD should encourage better identification of those at risk and the development of effective interventions to protect fathers from PPD.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.088

Cites

67 of 67 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 67 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Perez, 2017, Paternal postpartum depression. Why is it also important?, Revista Chilena De Pediatria-Chile, 88, 582
  2. Clement, 2019, Prevalence and associated factors of depression symptoms in fathers of children aged 6 months to 17 years in Quebec, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie, 64, 550
  3. Leung, 2017, Predictors of Postpartum Depression in Partnered Mothers and Fathers from a Longitudinal Cohort, Community Ment. Health J., 53, 420, 10.1007/s10597-016-0060-0 · DOI
  4. Dudley, 2001, Psychological correlates of depression in fathers and mothers in the first postnatal year, J Reprod Infant Psychol, 19, 187, 10.1080/02646830124397 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Wang, D., Li, Y.-L., Qiu, D., & Xiao, S.-Y.
Affiliations
Central South University (CN)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-10
Volume
293
Pages
51-63
ISSN
0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.088
OpenAlex
W3168175097
Cited by
167
References
67
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 4
FWCI
4.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2016YFC0900802)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Health and Development
Keywords
paternal postpartum depression, risk factors, paternal unemployment, social support, perceived stress, financial stress, postpartum depression, parity, marital satisfaction, infant factors, family factors, fathers' mental health, postpartum period
MeSH terms
Cross-Sectional Studies, Fathers, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mothers, Pregnancy, Depression, Postpartum, Postpartum Period

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review