Cohorts in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: From Still Photographs to Full-Length Movies
Open accessAbstract
In recent years, the amount of information available on the health status of children and—to a lesser extent—adolescents living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been massively expanded. Population-based surveys, repeated every 5 years or so, are now available for >100 LMICs, providing information on nutritional status, health-related behaviors, morbidity, and mortality [1]. These include Demographic and Health Surveys (http://www.measuredhs.com/aboutsurveys/dhs/start.cfm) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (http://www.childinfo.org/).
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Most longitudinal cohort studies have been disproportionately funded and conducted in HICs where English is a first or research-output language.
“most longitudinal cohort studies have been disproportionately funded and conducted in HICs (Victora & Barros, 2012) where English is either the first language or the language in which research output is published.”
From Prospective Longitudinal Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Mental Health Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Victora & Barros, 2012
In the paper’s main text (page not provided), the authors report that 18 of the 20 countries with the most birth-cohort articles are high-income countries, supporting a disproportionate concentration of published cohort research there. The passage does not establish where most longitudinal cohorts were funded or conducted, and the paper does not address whether English was a first language or the language of research publication. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe risk of missing high-quality research not published in English is very low.
“We propose the risk of missing high-quality research not published in English is very low”
From Prospective Longitudinal Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Mental Health Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Victora & Barros, 2012
The paper’s main text discusses the scarcity of birth-cohort studies in low- and middle-income countries and the limits of applying findings from high-income countries. Searches for the quoted claim and for non-English publications found no passage assessing the risk of missing high-quality research published in other languages. The cited paper therefore does not verify that risk estimate. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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References 19 · Cited by 16
Research works printed but not linked: 18
- [1]Patton G.C. Viner R.M. Linh le C. Mapping a global agenda for adolescent health J Adolesc Health 47 2010 427 432 20970076 PMC4991758
- [2]Barker D.J. The fetal and infant origins of adult disease 1992 British Medical Journal London
- [4]Black R.E. Allen L.H. Bhutta Z.A. Maternal and child undernutrition: Global and regional exposures and health consequences Lancet 371 2008 243 260 18207566
- [5]Victora C.G. Barros F.C. Commentary: The catch-up dilemma—Relevance of Leitch's “low-high” pig to child growth in developing countries Int J Epidemiol 30 2001 217 220 11369717
- [6]Victora C.G. Adair L. Fall C. Maternal and child undernutrition: Consequences for adult health and human capital Lancet 371 2008 340 357 18206223 PMC2258311
- [8]Fall C.H. Borja J.B. Osmond C. Infant-feeding patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in young adulthood: Data from five cohorts in low- and middle-income countries Int J Epidemiol 40 2011 47 62 20852257 PMC3043278
- [9]Brion M.J. Lawlor D.A. Matijasevich A. What are the causal effects of breastfeeding on IQ, obesity and blood pressure?: Evidence from comparing high-income with middle-income cohorts Int J Epidemiol 40 2011 670 680 21349903 PMC3147072
- [10]Wells J.C.K. Dumith S.C. Ekelund U. Association of intrauterine and postnatal weight and length gains with adolescent body composition: Prospective birth cohort study from Brazil J Adolesc Health 51 2012 S58 S64 23283163 PMC3508414
- [11]Martínez-Mesa J. Menezes A.M.B. González D.A. Life course association of maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring's height: Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort J Adolesc Health 51 2012 S53 S57 23283162 PMC3508408
- [12]Hallal P.C. Clark V.L. Assunção M.C. Socioeconomic trajectories from birth to adolescence and risk factors for noncommunicable disease: Prospective analyses J Adolesc Health 51 2012 S32 S37 23283158 PMC3508416
- [13]Anselmi L. Menezes A.M.B. Hallal P.C. Socioeconomic changes and adolescent psychopathology in a Brazilian birth cohort study J Adolesc Health 51 2012 S5 S10 23283161 PMC3508417
- [14]Menezes A.M.B. Wehrmeister F.C. Muniz L.C. Physical activity and lung function in adolescents: The 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study J Adolesc Health 51 2012 S27 S31 23283156 PMC3508410
- [15]Rombaldi A.J. Clark V.L. Reichert F.F. Incidence of school failure according to baseline leisure-time physical activity practice: Prospective study J Adolesc Health 51 2012 S22 S26 23283155 PMC3508407
- [16]Noal R.B. Menezes A.M.B. Macedo S.E.C. Is obesity a risk factor for wheezing among adolescents?: A prospective study in Southern Brazil J Adolesc Health 51 2012 S38 S45 23283159 PMC3500686
- [17]Assunção M.C.F. Muniz L.C. Dumith S.C. Predictors of body mass index change from 11 to 15 years of age: The 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study J Adolesc Health 51 2012 S65 S69 23283164 PMC3508412
- [18]Dumith S.C. Totaro Garcia L.M. da Silva K.S. Predictors and health consequences of screen-time change during adolescence—1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study J Adolesc Health 51 2012 S16 S21 23283154 PMC3508419
- [19]Gonçalves H. González D.A. Araújo C.P. Adolescents' perception on causes of obesity: Unhealthy lifestyles or heritage? J Adolesc Health 51 2012 S46 S52 23283160 PMC3508415
- [20]Bertoldi A.D. Telis Silveira M.P. Menezes A.M.B. Tracking of medicine use and self-medication from infancy to adolescence: 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study J Adolesc Health 51 2012 S11 S15 23283153 PMC3508411
- Authors
- Victora, C. G., & Barros, F. C.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (BR)
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescent Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- S3-S4
- ISSN
- 1054-139X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3508418
- OpenAlex
- W2119549946
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2013: 1
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescent Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Keywords
- cohort studies, low- and middle-income countries, child health, adolescent health, population survey, Demographic and Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, longitudinal data, child nutritional status, health behavior, morbidity and mortality
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brazil, Child, Child Welfare, Cross-Sectional Studies, Developing Countries, Health Status, Humans, Nutritional Status, Cohort Studies, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic
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