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Cited by 9Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesOpioid Use Disorder Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Further evidence on the interplay between benzodiazepine and Z-drug abuse and emotion dysregulation

Open access
Colizzi, Marco, Meneghin, Nicolò, Bertoldi, Anna, Lugoboni, Fabio·2021·Journal of Affective Disorders Reports
DOI 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100234
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Abstract

Background: Long-term benzodiazepine (BDZ)/Z-drug use, which is a risk factor for dependence, is frequent in neuropsychiatric conditions, especially emotional disorders. Also, BDZ/Z-drug misuse is associated with increased emotion dysregulation symptoms. This study aimed to investigate neuropsychiatric distress in patients with BZD/Z-drug use disorder, with particular attention to emotional symptoms. Methods: Forty-two patients hospitalized for BZD/Z-drug use disorder (males/females= 20/22) were enrolled and dichotomized into a high-dose and a low-dose BZD/Z-drug user group. Neuropsychiatric distress was measured using standardized measures. The relationship between symptom profiles and BZD/Z-drug use disorder severity was explored using t-tests and negative binomial regression analyses. Results: Twenty-seven patients (61.9%) presented with one or more psychiatric disorders, mostly an emotional disorder. Ten patients had a lifetime history of suicide attempt(s) (23.8%), while 11 presented recent suicidal ideation (26.2%), which resulted in suicidal behavior in 2 cases. High rates of depression, anxiety, and emotion dysregulation were reported. The high-dose BZD/Z-drug user group presented with higher depressive symptoms (p = 0.016) and emotion dysregulation (p = 0.044) than the low-dose BZD/Z-drug user group. Further, the higher the depressive symptomatology, the more severe was the BZD/Z-drug abuse (p = 0.028). Limitations: Long-term patterns of BDZ/Z-drug use disorder among patients with emotional disorders and the role of other potential risk factors, such as gender, other substance use disorder, and personality disorders, need further investigation in larger samples. Conclusions: This study showed high emotional symptoms among patients with BZD/Z-drug use disorder, with severe depression being associated with a more severe BZD/Z-drug dependence.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100234

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  • Greater severity of depressive symptoms has been correlated with a higher likelihood of developing Z-drug dependence.

    “Greater severity of depressive symptoms has also been correlated 62 64 with a higher likelihood of developing Z-drug dependence.”

    From Z-drug abuse and dependence: Clinical guideline of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology for diagnosis and management (2025) · cites this paper as [62]

    Section 3.4 reports that greater depressive symptom severity was associated with more severe benzodiazepine/Z-drug use among patients who already had a use disorder. It does not establish a higher likelihood of developing dependence, nor does it report a separate finding for Z-drugs alone. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Psychiatric comorbidities are common among individuals with Z-drug use disorder, particularly depressive, anxiety, and personality disorders.

    “Psychiatric comorbidities are common among individuals with Z-drug use disorder, particularly depressive, anxiety, and personality disorders.”

    From Z-drug abuse and dependence: Clinical guideline of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology for diagnosis and management (2025) · cites this paper as [62]

    Section 3.1 (page not provided) reports psychiatric disorders in 27 of 42 patients, with mood, anxiety, and personality disorders the most frequent diagnoses. The sample combines benzodiazepine and Z-drug use disorders, however, and the paper does not establish these rates specifically for people with Z-drug use disorder. It reports mood disorders and depressive symptoms rather than identifying all mood diagnoses as depressive disorders. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Metadata

Authors
Colizzi, M., Meneghin, N., Bertoldi, A., & Lugoboni, F.
Affiliations
  • University of Verona (IT)
  • Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona (IT)
Corresponding author
Colizzi, Marco
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders Reports
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-12
Volume
6
Pages
100234
ISSN
2666-9153 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100234
OpenAlex
W3199312609
Cited by
9
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3
FWCI
1.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Institutional Research Information System (University of Udine) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Università degli Studi di Verona
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Keywords
benzodiazepine use disorder, emotional dysregulation, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, emotional disorders, dose-dependent effects

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