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2014 Update of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: A review of papers published since its inception
Open accessAbstract
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is an ongoing, longitudinal, multicenter study designed to develop clinical, imaging, genetic, and biochemical biomarkers for the early detection and tracking of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The initial study, ADNI-1, enrolled 400 subjects with early mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 200 with early AD, and 200 cognitively normal elderly controls. ADNI-1 was extended by a 2-year Grand Opportunities grant in 2009 and by a competitive renewal, ADNI-2, which enrolled an additional 550 participants and will run until 2015. This article reviews all papers published since the inception of the initiative and summarizes the results to the end of 2013. The major accomplishments of ADNI have been as follows: (1) the development of standardized methods for clinical tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in a multicenter setting; (2) elucidation of the patterns and rates of change of imaging and CSF biomarker measurements in control subjects, MCI patients, and AD patients. CSF biomarkers are largely consistent with disease trajectories predicted by β-amyloid cascade (Hardy, J Alzheimer's Dis 2006;9(Suppl 3):151-3) and tau-mediated neurodegeneration hypotheses for AD, whereas brain atrophy and hypometabolism levels show predicted patterns but exhibit differing rates of change depending on region and disease severity; (3) the assessment of alternative methods of diagnostic categorization. Currently, the best classifiers select and combine optimum features from multiple modalities, including MRI, [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, amyloid PET, CSF biomarkers, and clinical tests; (4) the development of blood biomarkers for AD as potentially noninvasive and low-cost alternatives to CSF biomarkers for AD diagnosis and the assessment of α-syn as an additional biomarker; (5) the development of methods for the early detection of AD. CSF biomarkers, β-amyloid 42 and tau, as well as amyloid PET may reflect the earliest steps in AD pathology in mildly symptomatic or even nonsymptomatic subjects and are leading candidates for the detection of AD in its preclinical stages; (6) the improvement of clinical trial efficiency through the identification of subjects most likely to undergo imminent future clinical decline and the use of more sensitive outcome measures to reduce sample sizes. Multimodal methods incorporating APOE status and longitudinal MRI proved most highly predictive of future decline. Refinements of clinical tests used as outcome measures such as clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes further reduced sample sizes; (7) the pioneering of genome-wide association studies that leverage quantitative imaging and biomarker phenotypes, including longitudinal data, to confirm recently identified loci, CR1, CLU, and PICALM and to identify novel AD risk loci; (8) worldwide impact through the establishment of ADNI-like programs in Japan, Australia, Argentina, Taiwan, China, Korea, Europe, and Italy; (9) understanding the biology and pathobiology of normal aging, MCI, and AD through integration of ADNI biomarker and clinical data to stimulate research that will resolve controversies about competing hypotheses on the etiopathogenesis of AD, thereby advancing efforts to find disease-modifying drugs for AD; and (10) the establishment of infrastructure to allow sharing of all raw and processed data without embargo to interested scientific investigators throughout the world.
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“SNPs in and around candidate genes including APOE, BIN1, SORL1, and CR1 have been associated with traits including medial temporal lobe atrophy and cortical thickness [225–228]”
From Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (2020) · cites this paper as [225]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Weiner, M. W., Veitch, D. P., Aisen, P. S., Beckett, L. A., Cairns, N. J., Cedarbaum, J., Green, R. C., Harvey, D., Jack, C. R., Jagust, W., Luthman, J., Morris, J. C., Petersen, R. C., Saykin, A. J., Shaw, L., Shen, L., Schwarz, A., Toga, A. W., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Initiative, A. D. N.
- Affiliations
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Biogen (United States) (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Eisai (United States) (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weiner, Michael W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e1-120
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- PMC
- PMC5469297
- OpenAlex
- W1797408175
- Cited by
- 348
- References
- 565
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 11
- FWCI
- 5.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- Biogen
- Synarc
- TauRx Pharmaceuticals
- Bayer HealthCare
- Servier
- Ipsen
- National Institutes of Health (5u01ag024904-10)
- National Institute on Aging (U01-AG-024904, P30AG010129, P30AG010133, R01AG012975, R01AG030048, P30AG036468, P30AG010124, P01AG009215, P01AG017586, U01AG010483, U01AG029213, P50AG005681, R01AG016381, P01AG003991, R01AG019771, RC2AG036535, P01AG019724)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA093373)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM088336)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P50NS053488)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024146, R25RR026008)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Humans, Radionuclide Imaging, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Biomarkers, Nootropic Agents, Early Diagnosis
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