Comparison of private versus academic practice for general surgeons: a guide for medical students and residents
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Medical students and residents often make specialty and practice choices with limited exposure to aspects of professional and personal life in general surgery. The purpose of this study was to portray practice composition, career choices, professional experiences, job satisfaction, and personal life characteristics specific to practicing general surgeons in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: A 131-question survey was mailed to all female members (n = 1,076) and a random 2:1 sample of male members (n = 2,152) of the American College of Surgeons in three mailings between September 1998 and March 1999. Respondents who were not actively practicing general surgery in the United States and both trainees and surgeons who did not fit the definition of private or academic practice were excluded. Detailed questions regarding practice attributes, surgical training, professional choices, harassment, malpractice, career satisfaction, and personal life characteristics were included. Separate five-point Likert scales were designed to measure influences on career choices and satisfaction with professional and personal matters. Univariate analyses were used to analyze responses by surgeon age, gender, and practice type. RESULTS: A response rate of 57% resulted in 1,532 eligible responses. Significant differences between private and academic practice were noted in case composition, practice structure, and income potential; no major differences were seen in malpractice experience. Propensity for marriage and parenthood differed significantly between men and women surgeons. Overall career satisfaction was very high regardless of practice type. Some differences by surgeon gender in perceptions of equal career advancement opportunities and of professional isolation were noted. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers a comprehensive view of general surgery to enable more informed decisions among medical students and residents regarding specialty choice or practice opportunities.
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The number of medical students interested in surgery has been decreasing over the last 3 decades.
“The number of medical students interested in surgery has been decreasing over the last 3 decades [12].”
From How Can We Reduce Attrition in General Surgery Residents? (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
Only a small minority of general surgeons would not recommend surgery as a career specialty.
“Only a small minority of general surgeons would not recommend surgery as a career specialty [12].”
From How Can We Reduce Attrition in General Surgery Residents? (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
On-site daycare is preferable but uncommon.
“On-site daycare is preferable but uncommon [6,12].”
From How Can We Reduce Attrition in General Surgery Residents? (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
Female surgeons are more likely to recommend surgery to female students than male surgeons.
“Female surgeons are more likely to recommend surgery to female students than male surgeons [12].”
From How Can We Reduce Attrition in General Surgery Residents? (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
The only real exposure to general surgery is often surgery residents and less interaction with private practice general surgeons.
“The only real exposure to general surgery is often surgery residents and less interaction with private practice general surgeons [12].”
From How Can We Reduce Attrition in General Surgery Residents? (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
Female surgery residents have been shown to struggle more with confidence than their male counterparts, often leading them to quit.
“Female surgery residents have been shown to struggle more with confidence than their male counterparts, often leading them to quit [12].”
From How Can We Reduce Attrition in General Surgery Residents? (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
Senior medical students in surgery improve their confidence during residency.
“Senior medical students in surgery improve their confidence during residency [12,18].”
From How Can We Reduce Attrition in General Surgery Residents? (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
Women were twice as likely to worry about their surgical competence after residency, prompting many to pursue fellowships.
“Women were twice as likely to worry about their surgical competence after residency, prompting many to pursue fellowships [12].”
From How Can We Reduce Attrition in General Surgery Residents? (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
General surgery residents who were female, single or did not have children had decreased confidence in their surgical ability compared to their peers.
“General surgery residents who were female, single or did not have children had decreased confidence in their surgical ability compared to their peers [12].”
From How Can We Reduce Attrition in General Surgery Residents? (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Schroen, A. T., Brownstein, M. R., & Sheldon, G. F.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schroen, Anneke T
- ORCID
- Schroen, Anneke T
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Surgeons
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 197
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1000-1011
- ISSN
- 1072-7515 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2087057404
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 11.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Surgeons (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Diversity and Career in Medicine
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Keywords
- general surgery, private practice, academic practice, career choice, job satisfaction, malpractice, professional isolation, career development, parenthood, marriage, surgical training
- MeSH terms
- Academic Medical Centers, Adult, Career Choice, Female, Humans, Internship and Residency, Job Satisfaction, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Private Practice, Students, Medical, General Surgery
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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