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National Survey of Burnout among US General Surgery Residents
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Burnout is a complex syndrome of emotional distress that can disproportionately affect individuals who work in health care professions. STUDY DESIGN: For a national survey of burnout in US general surgery residents, we asked all ACGME-accredited general surgery program directors to email their general surgery residents an invitation to complete an anonymous, online survey. Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory; total scores for Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Personal Accomplishment (PA) subscales were calculated. Burnout was defined as having a score in the highest tertile for EE or DP or lowest tertile for PA. Chi-square tests and one-way ANOVA were used to test associations between burnout tertiles for each subscale and various resident and training-program characteristics as appropriate. RESULTS: From April to December 2014, six hundred and sixty-five residents actively engaged in clinical training had data for analysis; 69% met the criterion for burnout on at least one subscale. Higher burnout on each subscale was reported by residents planning private practice careers compared with academic careers. A greater proportion of women than men reported burnout on EE and PA. Higher burnout on EE and DP was associated with greater work hours per week. Having a structured mentoring program was associated with lower burnout on each subscale. CONCLUSIONS: The high rates of burnout among general surgery residents are concerning, given the potential impact of burnout on the quality of patient care. Efforts to identify at-risk populations and to design targeted interventions to mitigate burnout in surgical trainees are warranted.
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“More than half of general surgery residents consider quitting residency [15].”
From How can we increase the number of general and rural surgeons in the United States? A study of 789 graduates from 3 campuses who matched into general surgery over 40 Years: 1974 to 2015 (2018) · cites this paper as [15]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Elmore, L. C., Jeffe, D. B., Jin, L., Awad, M. M., & Turnbull, I. R.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Turnbull, Isaiah R.
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Surgeons
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 223
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 440-451
- ISSN
- 1072-7515 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5476455
- OpenAlex
- W2399168037
- Cited by
- 476
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 85.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Surgeons (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (T32CA009621, P30CA091842)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- burnout, general surgery residents, surgical training, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, Maslach Burnout Inventory, mentoring programs, working hours, career choice, gender differences, resident well-being
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Burnout, Professional, Female, Humans, Internship and Residency, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Socioeconomic Factors, General Surgery, United States, Prevalence, Workload
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