The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prospective mental imagery in patients with major depressive disorder or anxiety disorders
Open accessAbstract
Prospective negative cognitions are suggested to play an important role in maintaining anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known about positive prospective mental imagery. This study investigated differences in prospective mental imagery among 27 patients with anxiety disorders, 24 patients with MDD, and 32 control participants. Measures of both deliberately generated and intrusive imagery were completed. Results indicated that both patients with anxiety disorders and those with MDD provided poorer vividness ratings for deliberately generated prospective positive scenarios compared to the control group. Patients with anxiety disorders showed a greater ability to vividly generate imagery for prospective negative scenarios than both patients with MDD and control participants. Finally, both clinical groups reported greater levels of intrusive prospective imagery of personally-relevant events as compared to the control group. The current findings underline the necessity to target prospective positive mental imagery in treating MDD and anxiety disorders.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“and individuals with MDD and anxiety disorders, including GAD, show a reduced ability to generate prospective positive imagery (Morina et al., 2011).”
From Distinct functional connectivities predict clinical response with emotion regulation therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Morina et al., 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
(1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,245
A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder
Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00123-0 · Cited by 6,147
Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders
Jaffe, B. (1977) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(77)71107-7 · Cited by 4,730
Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.3.316 · Cited by 4,601
Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders : SCID-I : clinical version : scoresheet
First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1997) · American Psychiatric Press eBooks · Cited by 3,101
Herrmann, C. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00216-4 · Cited by 2,885
Cognition and Depression: Current Status and Future Directions
Gotlib, I. H., & Joormann, J. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131305 · Cited by 2,420
Thompson, E. R. (2007) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022106297301 · Cited by 2,399
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–230 of 230
Enhancing the Impact of Behavioral Activation via Prospection
Maxson, C. (2020) · The Mathematics Enthusiast
Embodying Hot Cognition in Stress-Related Neuroadaptations
Tiba, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53989-4_4
Positive Mental Imagery in the Intervention of Negative Mood: A Randomized Controlled TrialPreprint
Zhou, W., Li, P., Xu, L., & Yuan, H. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-60071/v1
Russell, J. K. (2021) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.207787
Landkroon, E. (2021) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · doi:10.33540/651
(2018) · Mardaga eBooks · doi:10.3917/mard.picte.2018.01.0211
Detecting and Avoiding Cognitive Biases
(2018) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-2978-1.ch009
Jiang, X. (2021) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.5532
Barrett, A. M. (2024) · doi:10.26481/dis.20240416ab
Paroxysmal rush of intrusive eidetic images – diagnostic doubts. Case report
Świerzy, K., Tatar, D., Leksowska, A., & Badura-Brzoza, K. (2024) · Psychiatria Polska · doi:10.12740/pp/159446
Does Prospective Mental Imagery Predict Symptoms of Negative Affect and Anhedonia in Young People?
Hutchinson, T., Riddleston, L., Lavi, I., Pile, V., Meehan, A. J., Shukla, M., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01695-1
The relationship between episodic memory and future thinking
Addis, D. R., & Devitt, A. L. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15754-7.00015-8
García-Morales, E., Merín, L., Jiménez, M. V. J., Hallford, D. J., & Ricarte, J. J. (2025) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2024.101536 · Cited by 1
Independent regulation of memory and emotion by selective retrievalPreprint
Wang, Y., Zhu, Z., Subbulakshmi, S., Li, Y., Fang, F., & Anderson, M. C. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.02.631155
Rydzewska, M., Zaorska, J., Kopera, M., Kobyliński, P., Trucco, E. M., Wiśniewski, P., Marciniuk, A., Żmigrodzka, A., & Jakubczyk, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1533801
Gaglianone, C. G., Senra, H., Gillespie‐Smith, K., & Schwannauer, M. (2025) · Imagination Cognition and Personality · doi:10.1177/02762366251367656
Psychometric Properties of Persian-Prospective Imagery Task in a Non-clinical Iranian Population
Taheri, E., Khazraee, H., Rajeh, Y. N., Bagheri, A., Hashemi, M., Mohagheghi, H., & Moradi, M. (2025) · Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies · doi:10.5812/mejrh-160736
Investigating profiles of positive and negative imagery ability with stress-related outcomes
Tyra, A. T., Ginty, A. T., & Williams, S. E. (2025) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2025.2582540
Xia, L., Bai, X., Feng, Z., Yan, J., & Yang, Z. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07732-0
Advanced robot interfaces are unnecessary for effective psychological health interventions
Huang, I. S., & Hoorn, J. F. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.100955
Liu, M., Du, J., Cheng, C., Peng, D., & Mao, Q. (2026) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.70041
Duffy, J., Charura, D., & Shevchenko, J. (2026) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941261438057
Endres, A., Heise, M., Arntz, A. R., Faßbinder, E., Schaich, A., Schönauer, M., Werthmann, J., & Renner, F. (2026) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2026.105089
Eye-tracking and cognitive patterns in post-traumatic stress disorder: a scoping review
Diotaiuti, P., Spica, G., Siena, F. D., Cavicchiolo, E., de Souza, L. C., Andrade, A., & Mancone, S. (2026) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2026.2703319
Anderson, R. J., McClure, J. H. C., Shevchenko, J., Riggs, K. J., & Dewhurst, S. A. (2026) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-026-02369-4
Metadata
- Authors
- Morina, N., Deeprose, C., Pusowski, C., Schmid, M., & Holmes, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- ORCID
- Holmes, Emily A.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1032-1037
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3389342
- OpenAlex
- W2115493774
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (WT088217)
- Lupina Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, positive mental imagery, intrusive imagery, imagery vividness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Imagination, Male, Middle Aged
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
