High-precision dendro-14C dating of two cedar wood sequences from First Intermediate Period and Middle Kingdom Egypt and a small regional climate-related 14C divergence
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Where present, apparent seasonal 14C offsets fluctuate over time.
“Moreover, where present, apparent seasonal 14C offsets fluctuate over time, and appear associated with changes in 14C production and thus likely with variations in solar activity and climate (and ocean systems), and potentially also, therefore, changes in percentage contributions of early and late wood to given tree-rings5,8–10,13.”
From Radiocarbon offsets and old world chronology as relevant to Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia and Thera (Santorini) (2020) · cites this paper as [13]
Apparent seasonal 14C offsets appear associated with changes in 14C production and thus likely with variations in solar activity and climate (and ocean systems).
“and appear associated with changes in 14C production and thus likely with variations in solar activity and climate (and ocean systems), and potentially also, therefore, changes in percentage contributions of early and late wood to given tree-rings5,8–10,13.”
From Radiocarbon offsets and old world chronology as relevant to Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia and Thera (Santorini) (2020) · cites this paper as [13]
Apparent seasonal 14C offsets are potentially associated with changes in percentage contributions of early and late wood to given tree-rings.
“and potentially also, therefore, changes in percentage contributions of early and late wood to given tree-rings5,8–10,13.”
From Radiocarbon offsets and old world chronology as relevant to Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia and Thera (Santorini) (2020) · cites this paper as [13]
Based on existing observations, 14C offsets are typically evident only over certain periods, and become visible in the context of longer high-resolution rigid or near-rigid time-series.
“Based on existing observations, 14C offsets are typically evident only over certain periods, and become visible in the context of longer high-resolution rigid or near-rigid time-series5–8,10,13.”
From Radiocarbon offsets and old world chronology as relevant to Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia and Thera (Santorini) (2020) · cites this paper as [13]
Positive offsets correspond generally with periods around reversals and plateaus in the 14C calibration curve.
“As observed in other cases, the positive offsets correspond generally with periods around reversals and plateaus in the 14C calibration curve8,10,13.”
From Radiocarbon offsets and old world chronology as relevant to Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia and Thera (Santorini) (2020) · cites this paper as [13]
Radiocarbon dating studies support a high chronology for the Middle Kingdom.
“Concerning Senusert III, there are a number of radiocarbon dating studies, supporting a high chronology for the Middle Kingdom [43,162,163].”
From The Minoan Thera eruption predates Pharaoh Ahmose: Radiocarbon dating of Egyptian 17th to early 18th Dynasty museum objects (2025) · cites this paper as [163]
A high chronology for the Middle Kingdom is supported by radiocarbon dating of organic materials related to Senusert III.
“A high chronology for the Middle Kingdom is supported by radiocarbon dating of organic materials related to Senusert III [74,162,163].”
From The Minoan Thera eruption predates Pharaoh Ahmose: Radiocarbon dating of Egyptian 17th to early 18th Dynasty museum objects (2025) · cites this paper as [163]
Previous radiocarbon investigations regarding king Senusert III support a high Middle Kingdom chronology.
“Previous radiocarbon investigations regarding king Senusert III support a high Middle Kingdom chronology [43,162,163].”
From The Minoan Thera eruption predates Pharaoh Ahmose: Radiocarbon dating of Egyptian 17th to early 18th Dynasty museum objects (2025) · cites this paper as [163]
A regional offset to the calibration curve has been proposed for ancient Egyptian materials, attributed to a local growing season or latitudinal effect, perhaps modulated by changing climatic regimes.
“A further refinement concerns a regional offset to the calibration curve proposed for ancient Egyptian materials [45]. This small-scale discrepancy, often known as the ‘seasonal effect’, was attributed to a local growing season or latitudinal effect, perhaps modulated by changing climatic regimes [46].”
From Resolution of the High versus Low debate for Old and Middle Kingdom Egypt (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
The positive offsets are typically in the range found previously for substantive seasonal or growing season differences: ~2 to 4‰ (that is, ~16 to 32 14C years).
“The offsets are typically in the range found previously for substantive seasonal or growing season differences: ~2 to 4‰ (that is, ~16 to 32 14C years) (15–18, 23, 26).”
From Mediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory (2020) · cites this paper as [17]
Various small offsets in contemporary (same calendar years) 14C levels are reported for known-age plant material from several areas, including the Mediterranean.
“Various small offsets in contemporary (same calendar years) 14C levels are reported for known-age plant material from several areas, including the Mediterranean (8, 13–19).”
From Mediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory (2020) · cites this paper as [17]
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References 122 · Cited by 31
- Authors
- Manning, S. W., Dee, M. W., Wild, E. M., Bronk Ramsey, C., Bandy, K., Creasman, P. P., Griggs, C. B., Pearson, C. L., Shortland, A. J., & Steier, P.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Cranfield University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Manning, Sturt W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Archaeological Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 46
- Pages
- 401-416
- ISSN
- 0305-4403 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2114343608
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 2.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Archaeological Science (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University
- National Science Foundation
- Malcolm H. Wiener Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Tree-ring climate responses
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
- Keywords
- cedar wood, wiggle matching, First Intermediate Period, Middle Kingdom Egypt, Senusret III, sample preparation, climate change
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