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The Importance of Worsening Heart Failure in Ambulatory Patients
Open accessAbstract
Objectives The goal of this study was to define and assess the significance of worsening heart failure (WHF) in patients with chronic ambulatory heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Background WHF has been identified as a potentially relevant clinical event in patients with acute heart failure (HF) and is increasingly used as an endpoint in clinical trials. No standardized definition of WHF exists. It remains uncertain how WHF relates to risk for other HF events or how treatment may affect WHF.Methods A total of 151 symptomatic patients with chronic HFrEF were randomized to standard of care HF management or a goal to lower N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations ≤1,000 pg/ml in addition to standard of care. WHF was prospectively defined as: 1) new or progressive symptoms and/or signs of decompensated HF; and 2) unplanned intensification of diuretic therapy.Results Over a mean follow-up of 10 months, 45 subjects developed WHF. At baseline, patients developing incident WHF had higher ejection fraction (31% vs. 25%; p = 0.03), were more likely to have jugular venous distension and edema (p < 0.02), were less likely to receive angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or received these agents at lower doses (p < 0.04), and also received higher loop diuretic doses (p < 0.001). Occurrence of WHF was strongly associated with subsequent HF hospitalization/cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, landmark analysis: 18.8; 95% confidence interval: 5.7 to 62.5; p < 0.001). NT-proBNP-guided care reduced the incidence of WHF in adjusted analyses (hazard ratio: 0.52; p = 0.06) and improved event-free survival (log-rank test p = 0.04).Conclusions In chronic HFrEF, WHF was associated with substantial risk for morbidity and mortality. NT-proBNP-guided care reduced risk for WHF.
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Outpatient events carry an adverse prognostic import comparable to that of a heart failure hospitalization.
“These outpatient events carry an adverse prognostic import comparable to that of a heart failure hospitalization.18–21”
From Effect of Empagliflozin on the Clinical Stability of Patients With Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction: The EMPEROR-Reduced Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
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Cardiac-Resynchronization Therapy for the Prevention of Heart-Failure Events
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IL-33 and ST2 comprise a critical biomechanically induced and cardioprotective signaling system
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Repeated hospitalizations predict mortality in the community population with heart failure
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Self-citationGaggin, H. K., Szymonifka, J. D., Bhardwaj, A., Belcher, A. M., Berardinis, B. D., Motiwala, S. R., Wang, T. J., & Januzzi, J. L. (2014) · JACC Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2013.10.005 · Cited by 234
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Primary Results of the Patient-Centered Disease Management (PCDM) for Heart Failure Study
Bekelman, D. B., Plomondon, M. E., Carey, E., Sullivan, M. D., Nelson, K. M., Hattler, B. G. J., McBryde, C. F., Lehmann, K. G., Gianola, K., Heidenreich, P. A., et al. (2015) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0315 · Cited by 159
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Self-citationMotiwala, S. R., Szymonifka, J. D., Belcher, A. M., Weiner, R. B., Baggish, A. L., Sluss, P. M., Gaggin, H. K., Bhardwaj, A., & Januzzi, J. L. (2013) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hft075 · Cited by 120
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Self-citationRecognizing Worsening Chronic Heart Failure as an Entity and an End Point in Clinical Trials
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Self-citationWorsening Heart Failure Following Admission for Acute Heart Failure
Davison, B. A., Metra, M., Cotter, G., Massie, B. M., Cleland, J. G. F., Dittrich, H. C., Edwards, C., Filippatos, G. S., Givertz, M. M., Greenberg, B., et al. (2015) · JACC Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2015.01.007 · Cited by 57
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Self-citationEnd Points for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Heart Failure
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Packer, M., Anker, S. D., Butler, J., Filippatos, G., Ferreira, J. P., Pocock, S. J., Carson, P., Anand, I., Doehner, W., Haass, M., et al. (2021) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.120.051783 · Cited by 435
Metadata
- Authors
- Mallick, A., Gandhi, P. U., Gaggin, H. K., Ibrahim, N., & Januzzi, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Januzzi, James L.
- Venue
- JACC: Heart Failure
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 749-755
- ISSN
- 2213-1779 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2363643794
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- JACC Heart Failure (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart rate and cardiovascular health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- worsening heart failure, chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, NT-proBNP, acute decompensated heart failure, ACE inhibitors, heart failure hospitalization, cardiovascular mortality, event-free survival, ambulatory heart failure
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Aged, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists, Ambulatory Care, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Heart Failure, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Care Planning, Peptide Fragments, Proportional Hazards Models, Treatment Outcome, Disease Progression, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain, Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors, Standard of Care
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