Cited by 276Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifePsychometric Methodologies and TestingHealth Education and Validation

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The SF-36 summary scales were valid, reliable, and equivalent in a Chinese population

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Lam, Cindy L.K., Tse, Eileen Y.Y., Gandek, Barbara, Fong, Daniel Y.T.·2005·Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

DOI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.12.008

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Abstract

Objectives To find out whether the SF-36 physical and mental health summary (PCS and MCS) scales are valid and equivalent in the Chinese population in Hong Kong (HK).Study design and setting The SF-36 data of a cross-sectional study on 2,410 Chinese adults randomly selected from the general population in HK were analyzed.Results The hypothesized two-factor structure of the physical and mental health summary scales (PCS and MCS) was replicated and the expected differences in scores between known morbidity groups were shown. The internal reliability coefficients of the PCS and MCS scales ranged from 0.85 to 0.87. The effect size differences between the U.S. standard and HK-specific PCS and MCS scores were mostly <0.5. The effect size differences in the standard PCS and MCS scores of specific groups between the U.S. and H.K. populations were all <0.5.Conclusion The PCS and MCS scales were applicable to the Chinese population in HK. The high level of measurement equivalence of the scales between the U.S. and H.K. populations suggests that data pooling between the two populations could be possible. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the SF-36 summary scales are valid and equivalent in an Asian population.

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Additional file 2 of Cervicogenic headache treated by acupuncture based on jin theory: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
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Additional file 1 of Cervicogenic headache treated by acupuncture based on jin theory: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
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Zhao, D.-C., Lin, X.-Y., Hu, J., Zhou, B., Zhang, Q., Wang, O., Jiang, Y., Weibo, X., 邢小平, & Li, M. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26583429
Additional file 1 of Comparison of the 12-month impact of COVID-19 and SARS on physiological capacity and health-related quality of life
Chan, K. K. P., Ng, S. S. S., Lui, G. C. Y., Leung, H. S., Wong, K. T., Chu, C. W., Chan, T. O., Yiu, K. Y. S., Tso, E. Y. K., To, K. W., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24564074
Additional file 2 of Comparison of the 12-month impact of COVID-19 and SARS on physiological capacity and health-related quality of life
Chan, K. K. P., Ng, S. S. S., Lui, G. C. Y., Leung, H. S., Wong, K. T., Chu, C. W., Chan, T. O., Yiu, K. Y. S., Tso, E. Y. K., To, K. W., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24564248
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“The Chinese version of SF-36 was used to assess this outcome [52].”
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“Health-related quality of life will be evaluated using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), with scores ranging from 0 to 100 for each domain and higher scores indicating better health status (41).”
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Authors: Lam, C. L. K., Tse, E. Y. Y., Gandek, B., & Fong, D. Y. T.
Affiliations: University of Hong Kong (HK)
Corresponding author: Lam, Cindy L.K.
ORCID: Lam, Cindy L.K.
Venue: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-08
Volume: 58
Issue: 8
Pages: 815-822
ISSN: 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.12.008
OpenAlex: W2137450779
Cited by: 276
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 12.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
Keywords: SF-36, physical component summary, mental component summary, measurement invariance, cross-cultural validation, Chinese adults, Hong Kong, internal consistency, factor structure, data pooling, Asian populations
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Health Status Indicators, Hong Kong, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Quality of Life, United States, Asian People

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The SF-36 summary scales were valid, reliable, and equivalent in a Chinese population

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