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Metabolomics data complemented drug use information in epidemiological databases: pilot study of potential kidney donors
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether clinical metabolomics, which is increasingly applied in population-based and epidemiological studies, can be used to provide analytical evidence of exposures, and whether such information can be useful to strengthen and/or complement corresponding clinical database entries, taking drug use as an example. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics analyses were performed on urine from 100 randomly-selected control subjects (50% females) from the TransplantLines Food and Nutrition Biobank and Cohort Study (NCT identifier 'NCT02811835'), and drugs were identified through spectral library searching and targeted signal extraction. RESULTS: In 83 subjects for whom drug use information was available, 22 expected and 26 unexpected prescription-only drugs were identified, while 28 expected prescription-only drugs remained undetected. In addition, 7 prescription-only drugs were found in 17 subjects for whom drug use information was unavailable, and 58 over-the-counter drugs were identified in all 100 subjects. CONCLUSION: Molecular evidence for many drugs could be retrieved from LC-MS metabolomics data, which could be useful to complement and strengthen epidemiological databases given that considerable discrepancies were found between analytically-identified drugs and drugs listed in the available clinical database.
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Most reported substances were level 3 identifications or putatively characterized compound classes according to the Metabolomics Standards Initiative.
“Despite most of the reported substances being ‘level 3’ identifications, or belonging to ‘putatively characterized compound classes’ (focusing on their accurate mass and spectral similarity to known compounds) [44], according to the Metabolomics Standards Initiative [45]”
From Pharmacometabolomics Study of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Real-World Metabolism and Urinary Excretion (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
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Hof, M. A. J., de Haan, H., Stepanovic, S., Bakker, S. J. L., Hak, E., Hopfgartner, G., Klont, F., & Investigators, T. (2025) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo15070473 · Cited by 1
“…identifications, or belonging to ‘putatively characterized compound classes’ (focusing on their accurate mass and spectral similarity to known compounds) [44], according to the Metabolomics Standards Initiative [45], these were solely observed in samples from individuals exposed to cotrimoxazole.”
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Klont, F., Kremer, D., Gomes Neto, A. W., Berger, S. P., Touw, D. J., Hak, E., Bonner, R., Bakker, S. J. L., & Hopfgartner, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Geneva (CH)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-07
- Volume
- 135
- Pages
- 10-16
- ISSN
- 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3128098604
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Keywords
- clinical metabolomics, drug use, prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, urinary metabolites, kidney donors, kidney transplantation, exposure assessment
- MeSH terms
- Data Management, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Tissue Donors, Kidney Transplantation, Databases, Factual, Metabolomics
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