CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 288Health Sciences Research and EducationMethodologies in Health Research and PracticeHealth Policy Implementation Science

A five-phase model for clinical-outcome research

Robey, Randall R·2004·Journal of Communication Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.04.003
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Unlabelled Through a variety of approaches, speech-language pathologists and audiologists have produced strong evidence that treatments are generally potent. However, we have largely ignored the accepted standards for clinical-outcome testing used throughout the broader research community (e.g., by other clinical disciplines, federal regulators, and third-party payers). Several clinical professions recognize a comprehensive model for organizing and scaffolding the many forms of clinical-outcome research. An adaptation of this five-phase model of clinical-outcome research is examined as a means for structuring forms of clinical research throughout audiology and speech-language pathology. Within the organizing structure, relationships become apparent between types and grades of scientific evidence and the processes underpinning evidence-based practice which ultimately lead to decisions on the status of intervention protocols. Learning outcomes Readers will be able to distinguish the phases of clinical-outcome research in a comprehensive model. Readers will be able to identify relationships between the structure of the model and broadly recognized concepts associated with the terms 'efficacy' and 'effectiveness.' Readers will be able to identify indicators of quality for controlled clinical trials.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.04.003

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Carefully designed clinical trials that integrate experimental control and limit potential biases-such as well-controlled single-case experimental designs, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses-will help establish the true efficacy of any clinical AI system.

    “Carefully designed clinical trials that integrate experimental control and limit the sources of potential biases-such as well-controlled single-case experimental designs, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses (Robey, 2004)-will help to establish the true efficacy of any clinical AI system.”

    From Equipping Speech-Language Clinicians for the Critical Appraisal of an Artificial Intelligence–Driven, Evidence-Based Future (2025) · cites this paper as Robey, 2004

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Robey, R. R.
Affiliations
University of Virginia (US)
Corresponding author
Robey, Randall R
Venue
Journal of Communication Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-09
Volume
37
Issue
5
Pages
401-411
ISSN
0021-9924 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.04.003
OpenAlex
W2089981868
Cited by
288
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 17
FWCI
10.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Communication Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Methodologies in Health Research and Practice
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
Keywords
five-phase model, evidence-based practice, efficacy, effectiveness, research quality indicators, speech-language pathology, audiology, intervention protocol
MeSH terms
Communication Disorders, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Evidence-Based Medicine, Biomedical Research

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review