An energy- and charge-conserving, implicit, electrostatic particle-in-cell algorithm
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The production of multiply charged ions from different species at high densities increases computational time, necessitating numerical tricks.
“Moreover, the production of multiply charged ions from different species induced by the high-voltage [for example chlorine and carbon ions for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) used as propellant for PPT 67 ] at very high densities leads to an obvious increase of the computational time, making it necessary to reduce the simulation cost with the usual numerical tricks cited above 66 .”
From Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms (2023) · cites this paper as [67]
Section 5.4 (pp. 20–23) supports the need to reduce PIC simulation costs: it explains how an implicit scheme can achieve CPU gains over an explicit one. It does not address the production of multiply charged ions from different species at very high densities or show that this production increases computational time. The chlorine and carbon ion example is attached to a different citation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNumerical tricks (enlarged vacuum permittivity, reduced ion mass, thruster size scaling) are still used in many simulations to reduce computational time.
“Nevertheless, numerical tricks (e.g. enlarged vacuum permittivity and/or reduction of ion mass or thruster size scaling) are still used in many simulations to reduce the computational time (see Refs. 59-64 for E × B thrusters, and Refs. 65-67 for PATs).”
From Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms (2023) · cites this paper as [67]
The Numerical Examples (p. 13) and Conclusions (p. 24) discuss computational efficiency of an implicit PIC algorithm, but do not address the claimed shortcuts or their use in many simulations. Searches for enlarged permittivity, reduced ion mass, and size scaling found no passage supporting that point in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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Research works printed but not linked: 8
- [1][1] C. K. Birdsall, A. B. Langdon, Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2005. -
- [14][14] J. U. Brackbill, D. W. Forslund, Simulation of low-frequency electromagnetic phenomena in plasmas, in: J. U. Brackbill, B. I. Cohen (Eds.), Multiple time scales, Academic Press, 1985. -
- [15][15] A. B. Langdon, D. C. Barnes, Direct implicit plasma simulation, in: J. U. Brackbill, B. I. Cohen (Eds.), Multiple time scales, Academic Press, New York, 1985, pp. 335-375. -
- [20][20] G. Lapenta, J. U. Brackbill, CELEST3D: Implicit particle in cell simulation of space plasmas in three dimensions, in: 16th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas, Santa Barbara,CA, USA, 1998. -
- [23][23] H. J. Kim, L. Chacón, G. Lapenta, Fully implicit particle-in-cell algorith, in: Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Vol. 50 (8), 2005, abstract CP1.70. -
- [24][24] G. Chen, L. Chacón, D. C. Barnes, An energy-conserving nonlinearly converged implicit particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm, in: Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Vol. 55 (15), 2010, abstract TP9.34. -
- [31][31] O. Buneman, Fast numerical procedures for computer experiments on relativistic plasmas, in: Relativistic Plasmas, 1968, pp. 205-219. -
- [41][41] L. F. Shampine, Stiffness and nonstiff differential equation solvers, II: detecting stiffness with Runge-Kutta methods, ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 3 (1) (1977) 44-53.
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Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms
Taccogna, F., Cichocki, F., Eremin, D., Fubiani, G., & Garrigues, L. (2023) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0153862 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chen, G., Chacón, L., & Barnes, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Computational Physics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 230
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 7018-7036
- ISSN
- 0021-9991 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2028801156
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 8.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Journal of Computational Physics (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Keywords
- nonlinear convergence, energy conservation (physics), charge conservation, quantum tunneling, Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy stability, ion acoustic waves, one-dimensional plasma
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