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Examining the economic effects of emissions trading scheme in China

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The economic and environment benefits from international co-ordination on carbon pricing: a review of economic modelling studies *

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Imported carbon emissions: Evidence from French manufacturing companies

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Revisiting carbon leakage

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Has China's Carbon Emissions Trading Policy Induced Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction in the Power Sector?

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Revisiting Carbon Leakage

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Carbon pricing and aggregate macroeconomic performance in the Eurozone: a contribution to the climate policy debate using the EU ETS and Macroeconomic Performance Index

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Could the ETS reduce tourism-related CO2 emissions and carbon intensity? A quasi-natural experiment

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The Impact of Carbon Trade on Outsourcing Remanufacturing

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Has the carbon emission trading scheme induced investment leakage in China? Firm-level evidence from China's stock market

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EU’s carbon border adjustment mechanism CBAM – industrial effects

Bye, B., Kaushal, K. R., & Storrøsten, H. B. (2025) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2025.2557236 · Cited by 20

Assessing the distributional impacts of ambitious carbon pricing in China's agricultural sector

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Beggar-thy-neighbor: Carbon leakage within China's pilot emissions trading schemes

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Emissions Trading Hybrids: The Case of the EU ETS

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Firm-level pollution and membership of emission trading schemes

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Economic, environmental, and technical gains from the Kyoto Protocol: Evidence from cement manufacturing

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The impact of energy prices on industrial investment location: Evidence from global firm level data

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What Drives Carbon Emissions in German Manufacturing: Scale, Technique or Composition?

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Easing financial constraints through carbon trading

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Analysis of Carbon Leakage under Phase III of the EU Emissions Trading System: Trading Patterns in the Cement and Aluminium Sectors

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Carbon trade biases and the emerging mesoscale structure of the European Emissions Trading System network

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EU ETS phase IV and Industrial performance

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EU emissions trading in the buildings sector – an ex-ante assessment

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Market Mechanisms for Reducing Emissions and the Introduction of a Flexible Consumption Tax

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Carbon pricing and competitiveness

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Carbon Adjustment Mechanisms: Empirics, Design and CaveatsPreprint

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Carbon market and emission reduction: evidence from evolutionary game and machine learning

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Carbon taxes and tariffs, financial frictions, and international spillovers

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The effectiveness of carbon emission trading system: Evidence from China's regional markets

Li, Y., & Zhao, J. (2025) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103631 · Cited by 15

Reducing carbon emissions at the expense of firm physical capital investments and growing financialization? Impacts of carbon trading policy from a regression discontinuity design

Liu, H., & Pan, H. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120577 · Cited by 15

Tax haven, pollution haven or both?

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Firms’ Supply Chain Adaptation to Carbon Taxes

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Interdependencies between Countries in the Provision of Energy

Radulescu, D. M., & Sulger, P. (2021) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105799 · Cited by 18

Can U.S. multi-state climate mitigation agreements work? A perspective from embedded emission flows

Song, K., Baiocchi, G., Feng, K., Hubacek, K., Sun, L., Wang, D., & Guan, D. (2022) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102596 · Cited by 14

Firms’ real and reporting responses to taxation: A review

Lester, R., & Olbert, M. (2025) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2025.101837 · Cited by 19

Addressing the concerns about carbon leakage in the implementation of carbon pricing policies: a focus on the issue of competitiveness

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Is border carbon adjustment the right tool for the power sector?

Pató, Z., Mezősi, A., & Szabó, L. (2022) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2022.2043819 · Cited by 14

Does emission trading system lead to reverse investment leakage: Evidence from Chinese listed firms

Hongyan, D., Quayson, M., Yingyue, Z., & Chen, W. (2023) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2023.02.006 · Cited by 13

Revisiting Carbon LeakagePreprint

Misch, F., & Wingender, P. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4186713 · Cited by 13

The case for carbon leakage and border adjustments: where do economists stand?

Cameron, A., & Baudry, M. (2023) · Environmental Economics and Policy Studies · doi:10.1007/s10018-023-00366-0 · Cited by 16

Carbon Leakage Within Firm Ownership Networks

Cui, J., Wang, C., Wang, Z., Zhang, J., & Zheng, Y. (2023) · Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists · doi:10.1086/743175 · Cited by 12

How ICT development affects manufacturing carbon emissions: theoretical and empirical evidence

Wang, H., Wang, J., & Jin, Z. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-24581-6 · Cited by 12

Beyond production and consumption: using throughflows to untangle the virtual trade of externalities

Beaufils, T., Berthet, E., Ward, H., & Wenz, L. (2023) · Economic Systems Research · doi:10.1080/09535314.2023.2174003 · Cited by 12

Border Carbon Adjustments: Rationale, Design and Impact

Keen, M., Parry, I. W. H., & Roaf, J. (2021) · IMF Working Paper · doi:10.5089/9781557752567.001 · Cited by 11

Why does education matter in climate action? Evidence and mechanisms from China’s higher education expansion in the late 1990s

Wu, Q., Sun, Z., & Jiang, L. (2023) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2023.2276091 · Cited by 11

Exploring the Landscape of Canadian Climate Policy

Winter, J. (2024) · Canadian Public Policy · doi:10.3138/cpp.2023-055 · Cited by 13

Global Externalities, Local Policies, and Firm Selection

Ahlvik, L., & Liski, M. (2022) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1093/jeea/jvac001 · Cited by 11

Policy solutions for addressing carbon leakage: Insights from meta-regression analysis

Xie, M., & Rousseau, S. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121557 · Cited by 13

Financing the low-carbon transition in EuropePreprint

Carradori, O., Giuzio, M., Kapadia, S., Salakhova, D., & Vozian, K. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4510461 · Cited by 12

Environmental Policy and Investment Location: The Risk of Carbon Leakage in the EU EtsPreprint

D’Arcangelo, F. M., & Galeotti, M. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4726186 · Cited by 11

The Nonbank Footprint of Banks

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Green innovation through trade: The impact of European Union emissions trading scheme on Chinese exporters

Liu, Y., Lv, P., & Zhao, H. (2024) · Journal of International Money and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jimonfin.2024.103215 · Cited by 10

Environmental policy and investment location: The risk of carbon leakage in the EU ETS

D’Arcangelo, F. M., & Galeotti, M. (2025) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114587 · Cited by 11

Agent-based modeling of firm's heterogeneous preferences: Implications for trading and technology adoption in electricity-carbon markets

Wang, M., Liu, S., Liu, J., & Li, Z. (2025) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2025.108688 · Cited by 10

Market-based environmental regulations and energy consumption: Evidence from China's carbon emission trading pilot

Guo, L., Wu, L., Duan, X., & Du, J. (2025) · Energy Strategy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.esr.2025.101822 · Cited by 10

A penny saved is a penny earned: Exploring the synergistic effect between carbon trading and energy carbon-content tax

Wen, S., & Jia, Z. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139618 · Cited by 10

Carbon Exchanges: European Experience in Developing the Mechanism of Emission Permit Trading

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Cournot, Pigou, and Ricardo Walk in a Bar – Unilateral Environmental Policy and Leakage With Market Power and Firm Heterogeneity.

Baccianti, C., & Schenker, O. (2021) · Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists · doi:10.1086/719938 · Cited by 17

Carbon Leakage to Developing CountriesPreprint

Känzig, D. R., Marenz, J., & Olbert, M. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4833343 · Cited by 17

Electricity shortages and firm energy transition: Implications for futures with higher penetrations of variable renewable energy

Liu, P., Shi, X., & Yu, J. (2025) · Economic Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.eap.2025.10.013 · Cited by 9

The impact of environmental regulations on corporate productivity via import behaviour: the case of China’s manufacturing corporations

Sheng, J., Xin, J., & Zhou, W. (2022) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-022-02193-x · Cited by 9

Emissions trading system: bridging the gap between environmental targets and fair competition

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Climate Neutrality and Sustainability in International TradePreprint

Leal‐Arcas, R., Martinez, L. U., Abang, V., Kapur, K., Greenwod, S., Chatzopoulos, K., Nair, A., & Schoettmer, L. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4183881 · Cited by 9

The multidimensional relationship between renewable energy deployment and carbon dioxide emissions in high-income nations

Huang, X. (2024) · npj Climate Action · doi:10.1038/s44168-024-00191-5 · Cited by 8

The impact of China’s carbon emissions trading system on energy justice

Zhang, Y., Cheng, H.-S., Wang, X., & Liu, J. (2025) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2025.05.006 · Cited by 8

Policy-driven acceleration of climate action

Boasson, E. L., Peters, G. P., & Tosun, J. (2025) · PLOS Climate · doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000626 · Cited by 8

Trading of emission allowances and reporting incentives

N’Gatta, D., Ormazábal, G., & Raney, R. A. (2025) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2025.101804 · Cited by 8

EU decarbonization and industrial export competitiveness in a small open economy: A surprising resilience

Zábojník, S., & Branch, J. D. (2025) · Equilibrium Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy · doi:10.24136/eq.4035 · Cited by 8

Market-induced carbon leakage in China’s certified emission reduction projects

Ye, H., Zhang, Q., Pan, X., & Farnoosh, A. (2020) · Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change · doi:10.1007/s11027-019-09904-2 · Cited by 8

Carbon Pricing, Border Adjustment and Climate Clubs: An Assessment with EMuSePreprint

Ernst, A., Hinterlang, N., Mahle, A., & Stähler, N. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4201915 · Cited by 9

Regulatory Stringency and Emission Leakage Mitigation

Antoniou, F., Hatzipanayotou, P., & Tsakiris, N. (2024) · Environmental and Resource Economics · doi:10.1007/s10640-023-00837-8 · Cited by 7

Regional inequality in China's electricity trade

Pan, Y., Chai, J., Tian, L., Zhang, X., & Wang, J. (2024) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.133933 · Cited by 7

Corporate Climate Risk and Membership of Emission Trading Schemes

Adamolekun, G., Ahmed, A., Kwansa, N. A., Lawal, R., & Sakariyahu, R. (2025) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.4286 · Cited by 8

Extra‐regional trade and consumption‐based carbon dioxide emissions in the European countries: Is there a carbon leakage?

Demiral, Ö., Demiral, M., & Aktekin‐Gök, E. D. (2022) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.2365 · Cited by 8

An agent-based approach to modeling power firms' emission reduction strategies and market dynamics

Liu, S., Zhou, P., Wang, M., & Xu, A. (2025) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126590 · Cited by 6

The Impact of State-Owned Capital Participation on Carbon Emission Reduction in Private Enterprises: Evidence from China

Yuan, R., Li, Y., Li, C., Sun, X., & Li, L. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17167433 · Cited by 6

ESG and Carbon Leakage: How Cap‐and‐Trade Regulations Influence Firms' Emission Allocation Strategies

Kim, J. (2025) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.70142 · Cited by 6

Industrial relocation or shorter shipping routes? Examining the impact of the EU’s carbon border adjustment mechanism on global emissions using structural gravity

Mortha, A., Arimura, T. H., Takeda, S., Steubing, B. R. P., & Chesnokova, T. (2025) · Economic Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.eap.2025.07.019 · Cited by 6

Effects of asymmetric policies to achieve emissions reduction on energy trade: A North American perspective

Giarola, S., Kerdan, I. G., Johnston, P., Macaluso, N., Rodríguez, B. S., Keppo, I., Hawkes, A. D., & Daniels, D. (2024) · Resources Environment and Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100179 · Cited by 5

Mechanisms for Tax Regulation of CO2-Equivalent Emissions

Borodin, A., Zaitsev, V., Mamedov, Z. F., Panaedova, G., & Kulikov, A. Y. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15197111 · Cited by 5

Can the Carbon Emission Trading Scheme Influence Industrial Green Production in China?

Chen, G., & Hibiki, A. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142315829 · Cited by 5

From outcomes to practices: Measuring the commitment to sustainability of organisations

Mura, M., Longo, M., Boccali, F., Visani, F., & Zanni, S. (2024) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103868 · Cited by 5

Efficiency performance of Current Account-BoP flows in advanced world economies considering GHG emissions

Gutiérrez, E., & Lozano, S. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120139 · Cited by 5

Free allowances and the risk of carbon leakage in the beginning of the third phase of the EU ETSPreprint

Ulmer, C. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3880946 · Cited by 5

Carbon pricing, compensation, and competitiveness: Lessons from UK manufacturing

Basaglia, P., Isaksen, E. T., & Sato, M. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103208 · Cited by 5

Do carbon markets induce suppliers’ green innovation through backward linkages?

Pan, X., Yu, L., & Chenchen (2025) · Economic Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.eap.2025.08.003 · Cited by 4

Real effects of proposed scope 3 disclosures

Carter, M. E., Lee, L. F., & Yu, E. (2025) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2025.101820 · Cited by 4

Heterogeneous responses to carbon pricing: Firm-level evidence from Beijing emissions trading scheme

Tian, R., Wang, H., Zhang, D., Zhang, X., & Sterner, T. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103266 · Cited by 5

The European Union’s CBAM: averting emissions leakage or promoting the diffusion of carbon pricing?

Mehling, M., Dolphin, G., & Ritz, R. A. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning · doi:10.1080/1523908x.2025.2591794 · Cited by 12

Carbon leakage in a world of asymmetric carbon prices: Evidence from emissions embodied in trade and effective carbon prices

Ying, Q., Li, M., Xu, Q., & Meng, B. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127861 · Cited by 5

Emission taxes, firm relocation, and product differentiation

Birg, L., & Voßwinkel, J. S. (2021) · European Journal of Law and Economics · doi:10.1007/s10657-021-09685-7 · Cited by 4

Does China’s Pilot Carbon Market Cause Carbon Leakage? New Evidence from the Chemical, Building Material, and Metal Industries

Cong, J., Wang, H., Hu, X., Zhao, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, W., & Zhang, L. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20031853 · Cited by 4

Carbon Emission Constraint Policy in an OEM and Outsourcing Remanufacturer Supply Chain with Consumer Preferences

Feng, Y., Geng, Y., Zhao, G., & Li, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19084653 · Cited by 4

Policy Implementation Inconsistency and Emission Leakage: Evidence from The Closure of Polluting Firms

Wang, X., Liu, M., Liu, B., & Zhang, B. (2022) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/s00267-022-01668-x · Cited by 4

Coase and Cap-and-Trade: Evidence on the Independence Property from the European Electricity SectorPreprint

Zaklan, A. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3545207 · Cited by 3

Carbon Offshoring: Evidence from French Manufacturing CompaniesPreprint

Dussaux, D., Vona, F., & Dechezleprêtre, A. (2020) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 4

Cournot, Pigou, and Ricardo Walk in a Bar – Unilateral Environmental Policy and Leakage With Market Power and Firm Heterogeneity.Preprint

Baccianti, C., & Schenker, O. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3784505 · Cited by 4

EU Regional EKC ClustersPreprint

Chakraborty, S. K., & Mandel, A. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4246009 · Cited by 4

Mandatory Investor Disclosure, Sustainability Commitments, and Portfolio DecarbonizationPreprint

Dai, J., Ormazábal, G., Peñalva, F., & Raney, R. A. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4564890 · Cited by 4

Real Effects of Proposed Scope 3 DisclosuresPreprint

Carter, M. E., Lee, L. F., & Yu, E. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4743426 · Cited by 4

Does the EU ETS cause carbon leakage in the manufacturing sector of Finland?

Jääskeläinen, J. V. (2024) · Osuva (University of Vaasa)

Trade flows, carbon leakage, and the EU Emissions Trading System

Wang, M., & Kuusi, T. (2024) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107556 · Cited by 82

Searching for carbon leaks in multinational companies

Dechezleprêtre, A., Gennaioli, C., Martin, R., Muûls, M., & Stoerk, T. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2021.102601 · Cited by 159

Exporting Carbon Emissions? Evidence from SpacePreprint

Kundu, S., & Ruenzi, S. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4912697

Carbon leakage in emissions trading systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ex-ante and ex-post evidence

Chen, H., Gregorio, M. D., & Paavola, J. (2026) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2026.2627750 · Cited by 3