CO2 sequestration through aqueous accelerated carbonation of BOF slag: A factorial study of parameters effects
Abstract
A factorial study was conducted on basic oxygen furnace slag from a steelmaking industry with the aim of systematically identifying the individual and joint effects of the operating parameters (total pressure, CO2 concentration in the gas phase and temperature) on the CO2 sequestration yield of a direct aqueous carbonation process. Each operating parameter was varied over a range of three levels according to a 3(3) factorial design, resulting in 27 carbonation experiments. The carbonation performance and the changes in particle size and mineralogical characteristics of the slag were investigated in detail. The analysis of the experimental results indicated large effects of the operating factors on CO2 uptake, which was observed to span the range 6.7-53.6 g CO2/100 g slag. The best carbonation performance achieved was particularly significant compared to previous studies, even more considering the relative mild operating conditions adopted (P = 5 bar, C = 40% vol. CO2, T = 50 °C, t = 4 h). The analysis of the solid and liquid phases at the end of the carbonation treatment evidenced significant changes in the physical, chemical and mineralogical composition of the material. In particular, evidence was gained of other elements (Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn) in addition to Ca being intensively involved in the carbonation reactions, with a variety of carbonate phases being produced in addition to calcium carbonate forms.
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Temperature rise from 20 to 80°C improves kinetic energy of carbonation reactions, leading to fast speed of CO2 uptake, while accelerated leaching of calcium ions is moderated by fast formation of calcite layers, resulting in mild increase in final CO2 uptake capacity.
“Such a phenomenon may be explained in the light of Fig. 5: the temperature rise from 20 to 80 • C improves kinetic energy of carbonation reactions, leading to the fast speed of CO 2 uptake [114].Meanwhile, the accelerated leaching of calcium ions caused by the temperature rise is moderated by the fast formation of calcite layers, resulting in a mild increase in the final CO 2 uptake capacity.”
From An overview of utilizing CO2 for accelerated carbonation treatment in the concrete industry (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
Increase of temperature from 20 to 50°C improved overall CO2 sequestration of slag more significantly than subsequent temperature rise from 50 to 100°C.
“Besides, it can be observed that the increase of temperature from 20 to 50 • C improved the overall CO 2 sequestration of slag more significantly than the subsequent temperature rise from 50 to 100 • C.”
From An overview of utilizing CO2 for accelerated carbonation treatment in the concrete industry (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
Under low pressure of 0.1 MPa, rising CO2 concentration from 10% to 100% tends to steadily accelerate CO2 sequestration of BOF slag.
“Under a low pressure of 0.1 MPa, rising CO 2 concentration from 10% to 100% tends to steadily accelerate CO 2 sequestration of BOF slag.”
From An overview of utilizing CO2 for accelerated carbonation treatment in the concrete industry (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
At high pressure of 1.0 MPa, monotonous enhancement of CO2 sequestration with rising CO2 concentration does not exist.
“However, such monotonous enhancement of the CO 2 sequestration with rising CO 2 concentration does not exist at a high pressure of 1.0 MPa.”
From An overview of utilizing CO2 for accelerated carbonation treatment in the concrete industry (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
To achieve maximum potential of CO2 sequestration of slag, temperature control in carbonation treatment is crucial.
“To achieve the maximum potential of CO 2 sequestration of slag, temperature control in carbonation treatment is crucial [46,114,133], as highlighted in Sections 3.1 and 3.2.”
From An overview of utilizing CO2 for accelerated carbonation treatment in the concrete industry (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
Influences of pressure and CO2 concentration on CO2 sequestration of slags are coupled.
“In [114], it was proved that the influences of pressure and CO 2 concentration on CO 2 sequestration of slags were coupled, as shown in Fig. 9.”
From An overview of utilizing CO2 for accelerated carbonation treatment in the concrete industry (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
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- Authors
- Polettini, A., Pomi, R., & Stramazzo, A.
- Affiliations
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Polettini, Alessandra
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 167
- Pages
- 185-195
- ISSN
- 0301-4797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2330099148
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 3.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Keywords
- CO2 sequestration, basic oxygen furnace slag, aqueous carbonation, direct carbonation, steel industry waste, CO2 uptake, operating conditions, pressure, CO2 concentration, temperature, slag mineralogy, particle size, carbonate phases, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, calcium carbonate
- MeSH terms
- Calcium Carbonate, Carbon Dioxide, Carbonates, Industrial Waste, Metallurgy, Particle Size, Steel, Temperature, Water, Carbon Sequestration
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