The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Essential oils of Salvia bracteata and Salvia rubifolia from Lebanon: Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effect on human melanoma cells
Abstract
Aim of the study Salvia bracteata Banks et Sol. and Salvia rubifolia Boiss. are known in folk medicine of Lebanon for the treatment of microbial infections, cancer, urinary and pulmonary problems. In the present study the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aerial parts of Salvia bracteata and Salvia rubifolia collected in Lebanon were evaluated. The oils were also tested for their potential antiproliferative effects against M14 human melanoma cells. Material and methods The oils were studied by GC and GC-MS and their antibacterial activity (MIC and MBC) was tested against ten bacteria species using the broth dilution method. The inhibitory effect on human melanoma cells (measurement of cell vitality, cell membrane integrity and genomic DNA fragmentation) was studied using MTT assay, calculation of LDH release and COMET assay. Results The oils showed a good antibacterial activity (MIC = 50 microg/ml) against Gram+ bacteria. They besides exhibited an inhibitory effect on the human cancer cells examined inducing also apoptotic cell death, but the oil of Salvia rubifolia was significantly (p Conclusion The results on the pharmacological activities of these Salvia species provide an in vitro scientific support for the use of these plants in traditional herbal preparations.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The use of essential oils as antimicrobial agents offers two key advantages: their natural origin makes them generally safer for consumers compared to synthetic chemicals, and they have a reduced likelihood of promoting resistance to dangerous microorganisms.”
From Preservative Potential of Anethum graveolens Essential Oil on Fish Fillet Quality and Shelf Life During Refrigerated Storage (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
Citations
Cites
Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—A review
Burt, S. (2004) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022 · Cited by 10,488
Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents
Cowan, M. M. (1999) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.12.4.564 · Cited by 9,043
Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Asbestosis and Silicosis
MOSSMAN, B. T., & CHURG, A. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.5.9707141 · Cited by 971
Research works printed but not linked: 36
- Amiri, 2007, Quantitative and qualitative changes of essential oil of Salvia bracteata Bank et Sol. in different growth stages, DARU-Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, 15, 79
- Armstrong, 2001, The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B, Biology, 63, 8, 10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00198-1 · DOI · Paper page
- Azaz, 2002, Antimicrobial activity of some Satureja essential oils, Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung, 57c, 817, 10.1515/znc-2002-9-1011 · DOI
- Balch, 2001, Prognostic factors analysis of 17,600 melanoma patients: validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19, 3622, 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.16.3622 · DOI
- Bednarek, 2006, Single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) as a tool for apoptosis determination in tumor cell lines HL-60 and Jurkat cultures treated with anisomycin, Annals Academy of Medicine Siles, 60, 278
- Davies, 1990, Gas chromatographic retention indices of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicone and Carbowax 20M phases, Journal of Chromatography, 503, 1, 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81487-4 · DOI
- Demirci, 2002, Enantiomeric distribution of some monoterpenes in the essential oils of some Salvia species, Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 17, 54, 10.1002/ffj.1039 · DOI
- Dorman, 2000, Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88, 308, 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00969.x · DOI · Paper page
- Formisano, 2007, GC and GC/MS analysis of the essential oil of Salvia hierosolymitana Boiss. growing wild in Lebanon, Natural Product Communications, 2, 181, 10.1177/1934578X0700200215 · DOI
- Gali-Muhtasib, 2006, Anticancer and medicinal properties of essential oil and extracts of East Mediterranean sage (Salvia triloba), Advances in Phytomedicine, 2 (Lead Molecules from Natural Products), 169, 10.1016/S1572-557X(05)02010-6 · DOI
- Gali-Muhtasib, 2000, Traditional uses of Salvia libanotica (East Mediterranean sage) and the effects of its essential oils, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71, 513, 10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00190-7 · DOI
- Godard, 1999, Early detection of staurosporine-induced apoptosis by comet and annexin V assays, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 112, 155, 10.1007/s004180050402 · DOI
- Kamatou, 2008, South African Salvia species: a review of biological activities and phytochemistry, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119, 664, 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.030 · DOI
- Kelen, 2008, Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the essential oils of three Salvia species from Turkish flora, Bioresource Technology, 99, 4096, 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.002 · DOI
- Kilic, 2005, Fatty acid compositions of seed oils of three Turkish Salvia species and biological activities, Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 41, 276, 10.1007/s10600-005-0128-5 · DOI
- Lampronti, 2006, Antiproliferative activity of essential oils derived from plants belonging to the Magnoliophyta division, International Journal of Oncology, 29, 989
- Legault, 2003, Antitumor activity of balsam fir oil: production of reactive oxygen species induced by alpha-humulene as possible mechanism of action, Planta Medica, 69, 402, 10.1055/s-2003-39695 · DOI
- Lim, 2006, Effects of anti-inflammatory biflavonoid, ginkgetin, on chronic skin inflammation, Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 29, 1046, 10.1248/bpb.29.1046 · DOI
- Loizzo, 2007, Cytotoxic activity of essential oils from Labiatae and Lauraceae families against in vitro human tumor models, Anticancer Research, 27, 3293
- Loizzo, 2008, In vitro inhibitory activities of plants used in Lebanon traditional medicine against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and digestive enzymes related to diabetes, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119, 109, 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.003 · DOI
- Longaray Delamare, 2006, Antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia triloba L. cultivated in South Brazil, Food Chemistry, 100, 603, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.09.078 · DOI
- Magiatis, 2002, Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of three Greek Achillea species, Zeitshcrift fur Naturforschung, 57, 287, 10.1515/znc-2002-3-415 · DOI
- Margolin, 2004, Biochemotherapy for melanoma: rational therapeutics in the search for weapons of melanoma destruction, Cancer, 101, 435, 10.1002/cncr.20402 · DOI
- Morley, 2005, The green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin gallate and green tea can protect human cellular DNA from ultraviolet and visible radiation-induced damage, Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, 21, 15, 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2005.00119.x · DOI
- Nostro, 2000, Extraction methods and bioautography for evaluation of medicinal plant antimicrobial activity, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 30, 379, 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00731.x · DOI
- Ozen, 2004, Essential oil composition of two Salvia species from Turkey, AFS, Advances in Food Sciences, 26, 32
- Raal, 2007, Composition of the essential oil of Salvia officinalis L. from various European countries, Natural Product Research, Part A: Structure and Synthesis, 21, 406, 10.1080/14786410500528478 · DOI
- Russo, 2006, Inhibition of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production improves the ability of a sunscreen to protect from sunburn, immunosuppression and photocarcinogenesis, British Journal of Dermatology, 155, 408, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07339.x · DOI
- Russo, 2006, Pannarin inhibits cell growth and induces cell death in human prostate carcinoma DU-145 cells, Anticancer Drugs, 17, 1163, 10.1097/01.cad.0000236310.66080.ed · DOI
- Ryu, 1997, In vitro cytotoxicity of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza, Planta Medica, 63, 339, 10.1055/s-2006-957696 · DOI
- Sefidkon, 2007, Chemical variation in the essential oil of Salvia bracteata Banks & Soland from Iran, Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 10, 265, 10.1080/0972060X.2007.10643552 · DOI
- Singh, 1991, A microgel electrophoresis technique for the direct quantitation of DNA damage and repair in individual fibroblasts cultured on microscope slides, Mutation Research, 252, 289, 10.1016/0165-1161(91)90008-V · DOI
- Sondak, 2006, Allogeneic and autologous melanoma vaccines: where have we been and where are we going?, Clinical Cancer Research, 12, 2337s, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2555 · DOI
- Sylvestre, 2006, Essential oil analysis and anticancer activity of leaf essential oil of Croton flavens L. from Guadeloupe, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103, 99, 10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.011 · DOI
- Ulubelen, 1999, Diterpenoids from the roots of Salvia bracteata, Phytochemistry, 52, 1455, 10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00453-7 · DOI
- WWF and IUCN, 1994, vol. 1
Cited by
Lang, G., & Buchbauer, G. (2012) · Flavour and Fragrance Journal · doi:10.1002/ffj.2082 · Cited by 397
Rajabi, Z., Ebrahimi, M., Farajpour, M., Mirza, M., & Ramshini, H. (2014) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.06.038 · Cited by 83
Wahid, F., Jan, T., Al-Joufi, F. A., Ali Shah, S. W., Nisar, M., & Zahoor, M. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12070894 · Cited by 10
Tayel, A., Hassanin, F. S., Edris, S. N., Hamad, A., & Sabeq, I. I. (2025) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods14091591 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Cardile, V., Russo, A., Formisano, C., Rigano, D., Senatore, F., Arnold, N. A., & Piozzi, F.
- Venue
- Journal of Ethnopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 265-272
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 3
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.