Simultaneous removal of Congo red and cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions using graphene oxide–silica composite as a multifunctional adsorbent
Abstract
Graphene oxide is a very high capacity adsorbent due to its functional groups and π-π interactions with other compounds. Adsorption capacity of graphene oxide, however, can be further enhanced by having synergistic effects through the use of mixed-matrix composite. In this study, silica-decorated graphene oxide (SGO) was used as a high-efficiency adsorbent to remove Congo red (CR) and Cadmium (II) from aqueous solutions. The effects of solution initial concentration (20 to 120 mg/l), solution pH (pH 2 to 7), adsorption duration (0 to 140 min) and temperature (298 to 323 K) were measured in order to optimize the adsorption conditions using the SGO adsorbent. Morphological analysis indicated that the silica nanoparticles could be dispersed uniformly on the graphene oxide surfaces. The maximum capacities of adsorbent for effective removal of Cd (II) and CR were 43.45 and 333.33 mg/g based on Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms displayed the highest values of Q max for CR and Cd (II) adsorption in this study, which indicated monolayer adsorption of CR and multilayer adsorption of Cd (II) onto the SGO, respectively. Thermodynamic study showed that the enthalpy (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy(ΔG) values of the adsorption process for both pollutants were negative, suggesting that the process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. This study showed active sites of SGO (π-π, hydroxyl, carboxyl, ketone, silane-based functional groups) contributed to an enormous enhancement in simultaneous removal of CR and Cd (II) from an aqueous solution, Therefore, SGO can be considered as a promising adsorbent for future water pollution control and removal of hazardous materials from aqueous solutions.
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The adsorption of CR by PAC occurred in a monolayer manner.
“This verifies that the adsorption occurred in a monolayer manner68–72 because the PACs’ large surface area influenced the adsorption of large CR molecules onto the PACs48.”
From The removal of anionic and cationic dyes from an aqueous solution using biomass-based activated carbon (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
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Nizam, N. U. M., Hanafiah, M. M., Mahmoudi, E., Halim, A. A., & Mohammad, A. W. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-88084-z · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Mahmoudi, E., Azizkhani, S., Mohammad, A. W., Ng, L. Y., Benamor, A., Ang, W. L., & Ba-Abbad, M.
- Affiliations
- National University of Malaysia (MY)
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (MY)
- Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Sungai Long Campus (MY)
- Qatar University (QA)
- Corresponding author
- Mahmoudi, Ebrahim
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 98
- Pages
- 151-160
- ISSN
- 1001-0742 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3036117596
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 5.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Qatar National Research Fund (MI-2017-002)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Adsorption, diffusion, and thermodynamic properties of materials
- Keywords
- Congo red, cadmium(II), graphene oxide, simultaneous adsorption, heavy metal removal, dye removal, adsorption isotherms, adsorption thermodynamics, water pollution control, adsorption capacity
- MeSH terms
- Cadmium, Congo Red, Graphite, Silicon Dioxide, Water Pollutants, Chemical
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