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Cited by 114Essential Oils and Antimicrobial ActivityAcne and Rosacea Treatments and EffectsInsect Pest Control Strategies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Correlations of the components of tea tree oil with its antibacterial effects and skin irritation

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Lee, Chia-Jung, Chen, Li-Wei, Chen, Lih-Geeng, Chang, Ting-Lin, Huang, Chun-Wei, Huang, Ming-Chuan, Wang, Ching-Chiung·2013·Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
DOI 10.1016/j.jfda.2013.05.007
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Abstract

Tea tree oil (TTO), the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia L., is one of the most popular agents used in cosmetics. This study aimed to explore the correlations of components in TTO with its anti-acne activities and skin irritation. TTOs were isolated from the leaves (TTO-L), twigs, and branches of M. alternifolia by steam distillation, and the components analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results showed that components of TTO-L satisfied the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4730 guidelines. TTO-L and its components, terpinen-4-ol, terpinolene, α-terpinene, and α-terpineol, had strong inhibitory activities against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus . Moreover, six TTO formulas (DF-TTO) were designed according to ISO 4730 guidelines by adjusting the proportions of these four active components. All DF-TTO formulas showed a positive correlation between terpinen-4-ol concentration and anti- P. acnes activity. In the skin irritation assay, TTO-L, terpinen-4-ol, and 1,8-cineole did not cause significant skin irritation at 2% per site. In conclusion, terpinen-4-ol is the major active component responsible for TTO's antibacterial efficacy, while minor components in TTO also contributed to its efficacy. Moreover, we suggest that a concentration less than 5% is more suitable and safer for treating acne than higher concentrations.

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Metadata

Authors
Lee, C.-J., Chen, L.-W., Chen, L.-G., Chang, T.-L., Huang, C.-W., Huang, M.-C., & Wang, C.-C.
Affiliations
  • Taipei Medical University (TW)
  • National Chiayi University (TW)
  • Department of Health (TW)
  • Taipei Medical University Hospital (TW)
Corresponding author
Wang, Ching-Chiung
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Publisher
The Journal of Food and Drug Analysis (JFDA), Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan (TFDA)
Published
2013-06
Volume
21
Issue
2
Pages
169-176
ISSN
1021-9498 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jfda.2013.05.007
OpenAlex
W2024761259
Cited by
114
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
FWCI
3.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis (publishedVersion)
Funders
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (96-COS-2)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
Keywords
tea tree oil, Melaleuca alternifolia, terpinen-4-ol, terpinolene, α-terpinene, α-terpineol, 1,8-cineole, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial activity, anti-acne activity, skin irritation, essential oil composition, cosmetic formulation

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Correlations of the components of tea tree oil with its antibacterial effects and skin irritation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.jfda.2013.05.007
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Lee, C.-J., Chen, L.-W., Chen, L.-G., Chang, T.-L., Huang, C.-W., Huang, M.-C., & Wang, C.-C. (2013). Correlations of the components of tea tree oil with its antibacterial effects and skin irritation. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2013.05.007