The Swedish breeding cat: Population description, infectious diseases and reproductive performance evaluated by a questionnaire
Open accessAbstract
The questionnaire based study gives a combined description of management, infectious diseases and reproductive performance in breeding catteries during 1 year. The mean number of cats per cattery was 6.1, and 25% of the breeders let some of their cats have free access to outdoors. Breeders reported that infection with feline panleukopenia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus or feline leukaemia virus was uncommon, but 8% of the breeders had sold or had themselves owned a cat that died of feline infectious peritonitis. Presence of conjunctivitis was reported by 33.3% of the breeders. Mean litter size was 3.7±1.5, with 9.7% stillbirths and 8.3% kitten mortality week 1–12. The percentage of stillborn kittens increased with the age of the queen and litter size, and also differed among breeds. Kitten mortality differed among breeds, but did not increase with age of the queen. Seven percent of the litters were delivered by caesarean section, significantly more during winter and positively associated with presence of stillborn kittens.
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Litter size decreases with increasing age of the queen (≥7 years old).
“Litter size was shown to decrease with increasing age of the queen (⩾7 years old)”
From Feline neonatology: From birth to commencement of weaning – what to know for successful management (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
The Litter size section reports that litter size tended to decrease in queens aged 7 years and older. The citing sentence presents that tendency as a demonstrated decrease, overstating the source's qualification. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOnly 3-7% of queens have been reported to require surgical intervention (caesarean section).
“in general, only 3-7% of queens have been reported to require surgical intervention (caesarean section).”
From Feline neonatology: From birth to commencement of weaning – what to know for successful management (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
The Dystocia results report that 7% of litters were delivered by caesarean section, and the Discussion gives an average of 7.2%. This supports the upper end of the claimed range, but our copy does not establish the 3% lower end; it reports the rate per litter rather than per queen. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPost-kittening deaths within the first week affect 13% of litters.
“this phenomenon affects 13% of litters”
From Feline neonatology: From birth to commencement of weaning – what to know for successful management (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
The Discussion says most kitten mortality occurred during the first week after birth, supporting the timing. The Results report mortality as a percentage of kittens over weeks 1–12, not that post-kittening deaths affected 13% of litters; a search for 13% found no such figure. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLosses occurring within the first 12 weeks of age vary among breeds.
“These authors reported that losses occurring within the first 12 weeks of age vary among breeds”
From Feline neonatology: From birth to commencement of weaning – what to know for successful management (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
Postpartum kitten mortality is associated with litter size and caesarean section.
“Postpartum kitten mortality was also associated with litter size and caesarean section.”
From Feline neonatology: From birth to commencement of weaning – what to know for successful management (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
Litter size varies among breeds, with Persian/Exotic and Birman cats having smaller litters.
“has been reported to vary among breeds, with Persian/Exotic and Birman cats having smaller litters.”
From Feline neonatology: From birth to commencement of weaning – what to know for successful management (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
The majority of post-kittening deaths occur within the first week of age.
“data on kitten mortality indicate that the majority of post-kittening deaths occur within the first week of age”
From Feline neonatology: From birth to commencement of weaning – what to know for successful management (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
Queens <1 year old have significantly higher kitten mortality rates.
“Ström Holst and Frössling reported that queens <1 year old had significantly higher kitten mortality rates”
From Feline neonatology: From birth to commencement of weaning – what to know for successful management (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
Stillbirths are associated with the queen's increasing age, especially when >5 years old.
“the occurrence of stillbirths was found to be associated with the queen's increasing age, especially when >5 years old.”
From Feline neonatology: From birth to commencement of weaning – what to know for successful management (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
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Padalino, B., Angeloni, M. G., Zambelli, D., Serena, F., Manetti, C., Cunto, M., & Ballotta, G. (2026) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/awf.2026.10105
- Authors
- Ström Holst, B., & Frössling, J.
- Affiliations
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Resistance, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Clinical Sciences, Box 7054, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden bodil.strom-holst@kv.slu.se
- Swedish Veterinary Agency (SE)
- ORCID
- Frössling, Jenny
- Venue
- Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 793-802
- ISSN
- 1098-612X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2750
- PMC
- PMC7129517
- OpenAlex
- W2047224080
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Medicine and Surgery
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- catteries, infectious diseases, reproductive performance, feline panleukopenia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline infectious peritonitis, conjunctivitis, litter size, stillbirth, kitten mortality, cesarean section, queen age, seasonal variation, outdoor access
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Husbandry, Animals, Newborn, Breeding, Cat Diseases, Cats, Communicable Diseases, Female, Male, Mortality, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Reproduction, Societies, Sweden
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