Retention of heavy metals and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons from road water in a constructed wetland and the effect of de-icing
Abstract
A full-scale remediation facility including a detention basin and a wetland was tested for retention of heavy metals and Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water drained from a motorway in The Netherlands. The facility consisted of a detention basin, a vertical-flow reed bed and a final groundwater infiltration bed. Water samples were taken of road water, detention basin influent and wetland effluent. By using automated sampling, we were able to obtain reliable concentration averages per 4-week period during 18 months. The system retained the PAHs very well, with retention efficiencies of 90-95%. While environmental standards for these substances were surpassed in the road water, this was never the case after passage through the system. For the metals the situation was more complicated. All metals studied (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni) had concentrations frequently surpassing environmental standards in the road water. After passage through the system, most metal concentrations were lower than the standards, except for Cu and Zn. There was a dramatic effect of de-icing salts on the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni, in the effluent leaving the system. For Cu, the concentrations even became higher than they had ever been in the road water. It is advised to let the road water bypass the facility during de-icing periods.
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Ditch networks can be managed to retain pollutants in runoff.
“Despite this, ditch networks can be managed to retain pollutants in runoff [160][161][162] .”
From Lines in the landscape (2025) · cites this paper as [162]
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Water Quality Regulation: Overview
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- Authors
- Tromp, K., Lima, A. T., Barendregt, A., & Verhoeven, J. T. A.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Verhoeven, Jos T.A.
- Venue
- Journal of Hazardous Materials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-02
- Volume
- 203-204
- Pages
- 290-298
- ISSN
- 0304-3894 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1972822896
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Hazardous Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Keywords
- heavy metals, constructed wetlands, detention basins, groundwater infiltration, road salt, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel, metal retention
- MeSH terms
- Ice, Polycyclic Compounds, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Metals, Heavy, Wetlands
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