A mid-Holocene AMS 14C date for the presumed upper Pleistocene human skeleton from Peers Cave, South Africa
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Acheulean artefacts occur in the diamond-bearing colluvial sediments, the Younger Gravels (Rietputs A and B), termed Stratum 2 (a and b), which include Victoria West cores and some of the largest handaxes ever discovered in South Africa.
“Acheulean artefacts occur in the diamond-bearing colluvial sediments, the Younger Gravels (Rietputs A and B), which they termed Stratum 2 (a and b), and which include Victoria West cores and some of the largest handaxes ever discovered in South Africa.”
From Canteen Kopje: A new look at an old skull (2012) · cites this paper as [15]
There is no fossil bone preservation at the main Canteen Kopje locality.
“given that there is no fossil bone preservation at this locality.”
From Canteen Kopje: A new look at an old skull (2012) · cites this paper as [15]
Previous claims that the skull fragments came from the Younger Gravels beneath the Hutton Sands within the main Canteen Kopje site seem unlikely, given that there is no fossil bone preservation at this locality.
“Previous claims that the skull fragments came from the Younger Gravels beneath the Hutton Sands within the main Canteen Kopje site seem unlikely, given that there is no fossil bone preservation at this locality.”
From Canteen Kopje: A new look at an old skull (2012) · cites this paper as [15]
Following recent excavations at Canteen Kopje within the Provincial Heritage Site zone, Beaumont and McNabb identified three main archaeological horizons.
“Following recent excavations at Canteen Kopje within the Provincial Heritage Site zone (Figure 8), Beaumont and McNabb 15,16,53,54 identified three main archaeological horizons.”
From Canteen Kopje: A new look at an old skull (2012) · cites this paper as [15]
Cites
Development of the Radiocarbon Calibration Program
Ramsey, C. B. (2001) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200038212 · Cited by 2,021 · see citing works
Bone Collagen Quality Indicators for Palaeodietary and Radiocarbon Measurements
KLINKEN, G. J. V. (1999) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1006/jasc.1998.0385 · Cited by 1,724 · see citing works
Marine04 Marine Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 0–26 Cal Kyr Bp
Hughen, K. A., Baillie, M. G. L., Bard, É., Beck, J. W., Bertrand, C., Blackwell, P. G., Buck, C. E., Burr, G. S., Cutler, K., Damon, P. E., et al. (2004) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200033002 · Cited by 1,185 · see citing works
SHCal04 Southern Hemisphere calibration, 0-11.0 cal kyr BP
McCormac, F. G., Hogg, A. G., Blackwell, P. G., Buck, C. E., Higham, T. F. G., & Reimer, P. J. (2004) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200033014 · Cited by 955 · see citing works
Papers, P. M. (1977) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0047-2484(77)80073-0 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Improvements to the Pretreatment of Bone at Oxford
Ramsey, C. B., Higham, T., Bowles, A., & Hedges, R. E. M. (2004) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200039473 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Additional evidence for bone technology in the southern African Middle Stone Age
d’Errico, F., & Henshilwood, C. S. (2006) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.08.003 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Quality Assurance of Ultrafiltered Bone Dating
Brock, F., Ramsey, C. B., & Higham, T. (2007) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200042107 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citationNew discoveries relating to the antiquity of man
Keith, A. (1931) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Sealy, J. C., van der Merwe, N. J., Hobson, K. A., Horton, D., Lewis, R. B., Parkington, J. E., Robertshaw, P., & Schwarcz, H. P. (1986) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/203404 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationSealy, J. C., & van der Merwe, N. J. (1988) · World Archaeology · doi:10.1080/00438243.1988.9980058 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationRefinement of graphite target production at ORAU
Dee, M., & Ramsey, C. B. (2000) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(00)00337-2 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Multivariate Statistical Methods in Physical Anthropology
(1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6357-3 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
‘Catalogue of Fossil Hominids’
(1968) · Africa · doi:10.1017/s0001972000069497 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Marine and estuarine reservoir effects in central Queensland, Australia: Determination of ΔR values
Ulm, S. (2002) · Geoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/gea.10017 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Craniofacial variation and population continuity during the South African Holocene
Stynder, D. D., Ackermann, R. R., & Sealy, J. C. (2007) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.20696 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationRevised Radiocarbon Chronology for the Stone Age in South Africa
Vogel, J. C., & Beaumont, P. B. (1972) · Nature · doi:10.1038/237050a0 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Berger, R., & Libby, W. F. (1969) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200064547 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The use of multivariate techniques in the study of skeletal populations
Howells, W. W. (1969) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330310306 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Higham, T., & Hogg, A. G. (1995) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200030885 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Rightmire, G. P. (1978) · Quaternary Research · doi:10.1016/0033-5894(78)90069-8 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
A ΔR Correction Value for Samoa from Known-Age Marine Shells
Phelan, M. (1999) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200019366 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
On the Determination of Hominid Affinities
van Vark, G. N. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6357-3_19 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Stynder, D. D. (2006) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationBerger, R., & Libby, W. F. (1968) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200019998 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Development of the Cape Middle Stone Age in the Skildegat Cave, Fish Hoek
Jolly, K. (1948) · The South African Archaeological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3887246 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Preliminary Note on New Excavations at Skildergat, Fish Hoek
Jolly, K. (1947) · The South African Archaeological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3887573 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Human biological history of southern Africa
(1989) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783486825848-001 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 29 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Those marvellous millennia: the Middle Stone Age of Southern Africa
Wadley, L. (2015) · Azania Archaeological Research in Africa · doi:10.1080/0067270x.2015.1039236 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
“The Peers Cave 4 cranium, once thought to be of MSA origin, is excluded here; it is now known to belong to the LSA because it has a Holocene age (Stynder et al. 2009).”
BackgroundFossil evidence for the origin of Homo sapiens
Schwartz, J. H., & Tattersall, I. (2010) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.21443 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“As we have seen, our subjective preference would be to include in this group the Omo, Herto, Fish Hoek, and other specimens discussed at the end of the 115ORIGIN OF HOMO SAPIENS Yearbook of Physical Anthropology”
BackgroundInfluentialHerries, A. I. R. (2011) · International Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.4061/2011/961401 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Pleistocene Homo and the updated Stone Age sequence of South Africa
Dusseldorp, G. L., Lombard, M., & Wurz, S. (2013) · South African Journal of Science · doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/20120042 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationReconstruction of the late Pleistocene human skull from Hofmeyr, South Africa.
Grine, F., Gunz, P., Betti-Nash, L., Neubauer, S., & Morris, A. (2010) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.02.007 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Late Quaternary Hominins of Africa: The Skeletal Evidence from MIS 6-2
Grine, F. E. (2016) · Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthroplogy series/Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthropology series · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7520-5_17 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Bioarchaeological Evidence for the Basis of Small Adult Stature in Southern Africa
Pfeiffer, S., & Harrington, L. (2011) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/659452 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“There are various approaches to estimating the proportion of marine dietary protein (e.g., Dewar and Pfeiffer 2011; Stynder et al. 2009), and the magnitude of the marine offset will differ depending on whether the foodstuffs came from the Indian Ocean or the South Atlantic (Benguela) Ocean currents.”
BackgroundLewis, M. C., & Sealy, J. C. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209411 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationAllometry of head and body size in holocene foragers of the south african cape
Kurki, H. K., Pfeiffer, S., & Stynder, D. D. (2012) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22024 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationComments on the Use of Ezee-Filters™ and Ultrafilters at Orau
Brock, F., Higham, T., & Ramsey, C. B. (2013) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200047937 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationCanteen Kopje: A new look at an old skull
Smith, P., Nshimirimana, R., De Beer, F., Morris, D., Jacobson, L., Chazan, M., & Horwitz, L. K. (2012) · South African Journal of Science · doi:10.4102/sajs.v108i1/2.738 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Moving beyond the adaptationist paradigm for human evolution, and why it matters
Schroeder, L., & Ackermann, R. (2022) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103296 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Pearson, O. M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118659991.ch1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Recently, the controversy over the specimen’s age was settled by direct AMS 14C dating, which showed the specimen dates to 7,457–7,145 cal BP (Stynder et al., 2009).”
BackgroundPelvic stress injuries in a small‐bodied forager
Pfeiffer, S. (2011) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/oa.1176 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Description and Comparative Morphology of the Hofmeyr Skull
Grine, F. E. (2022) · Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthroplogy series/Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthropology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07426-4_6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lost and Found: The Discovery and Rediscovery of the Hofmeyr Skull
Morris, A. G. (2022) · Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthroplogy series/Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthropology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07426-4_2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationPreliminary results from archaeological investigations at Sudwala Caves, Mpumalanga, South Africa
Hattingh, T., & Schoeman, M. H. (2023) · Southern African Field Archaeology · doi:10.36615/safa.17.1160.2022 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pearson, O. M. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139096164.025 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fleagle, J. G., & Grine, F. E. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cho9781139017831.009 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Frontal sinus size in South African Later Stone Age Holocene Khoe‐San
Grine, F. E., Post, N. W., Greening, V. A., Crèvecoeur, I., Billings, B. K., Meyer, A., Holt, S., Black, W., Morris, A. G., Veeramah, K. R., et al. (2024) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.25556 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“All of the crania included in this study have been radiocarbon dated, largely through the efforts of Judith Sealy as detailed in a series of publications (e.g., Sealy, 1989; Sealy et al., 1986; Sealy et al., 2006; Sealy & Pfeiffer, 2000; Sealy & van der Merwe, 1985, 1988; Stynder et al., 2009).”
Self-citationGrine, F. E., & Stratford, D. (2026) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2026.106481 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
(2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444342499.refs · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Grine, F. E., Rothman, R. S., & Mongle, C. S. (2026) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.70236
- Authors
- Stynder, D. D., Brock, F., Sealy, J. C., Wurz, S., Morris, A. G., & Volman, T. P.
- Affiliations
- Iziko Museums of South Africa (ZA)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stynder, Deano D.
- Venue
- Journal of Human Evolution
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 431-434
- ISSN
- 0047-2484 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082457175
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 15.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Human Evolution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Environment Research Council (NRCF010002)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Keywords
- skull morphology, 3D geometric morphometrics, virtual reconstruction, mid-Holocene
- MeSH terms
- Archaeology, Fossils, Humans, Male, South Africa, Radiometric Dating
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
