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Venturing out safely: The biogeography of Homo erectus dispersal out of Africa

Carotenuto, F., Tsikaridze, N., Rook, L., Lordkipanidze, D., Longo, Laura, Condemi, Silvana, Raia, P.·2016·Journal of Human Evolution
DOI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.02.005
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Abstract

The dispersal of Homo erectus out of Africa at some 1.9 million years ago is one of the most important, crucial, and yet controversial events in human evolution. Current opinions about this episode expose the contrast between those who see H. erectus as a highly social, cooperative species seeking out new ecological opportunities to exploit, and those preferring a passive, climate driven explanation for such an event. By using geostatistics techniques and probabilistic models, we characterised the ecological context of H. erectus dispersal, from its East African origin to the colonization of Eurasia, taking into account both the presence of other large mammals and the physical characteristics of the landscape as potential factors. Our model indicated that H. erectus followed almost passively the large herbivore fauna during its dispersal. In Africa, the dispersal was statistically associated with the presence of large freshwater bodies (Rift Valley Lakes). In Eurasia, the presence of H. erectus was associated with the occurrence of geological outcrops likely yielding unconsolidated flint. During the early phase of dispersal, our model indicated that H. erectus actively avoided areas densely populated by large carnivores. This pattern weakened as H. erectus dispersed over Europe, possibly because of the decreasing presence of carnivores there plus the later acquisition of Acheulean technology. During this later phase, H. erectus was associated with limestone and shaley marl, a…

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Authors
Carotenuto, F., Tsikaridze, N., Rook, L., Lordkipanidze, D., Longo, L., Condemi, S., & Raia, P.
Venue
Journal of Human Evolution
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-06
Volume
95
Pages
1-12
ISSN
0047-2484
DOI
10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.02.005
Cited by
79
References
2
Language
en
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Funders
Italian Foreign Ministry (DGSP-VI)

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