Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra improved the diagnosis of paucibacillary tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study
Abstract
Objectives We assessed the diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) in comparison to Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) for the detection of paucibacillary tuberculosis (TB).Methods Smear-negative sputum, pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected from TB suspects at Beijing Chest Hospital (Beijing, China) and were examined using smear, Xpert and culture. Xpert Ultra was tested using specimens stored at -80 °C. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was conducted for all of the isolates recovered. The performances of Xpert Ultra and Xpert were evaluated using composite reference standard (CRS) as gold standard, which included clinical, laboratory, histopathological, radiological and follow-up features.Results Totally 689 cases were included. The direct head-to-head diagnostic performance comparison showed higher sensitivity of Xpert Ultra in contrast with Xpert among 292 smear-negative pulmonary TB (PTB) (70.89% vs 57.88%, P = 0.001), 108 tuberculous pleurisy (61.11% vs 34.26%, P<0.001), and 43 tuberculous meningitis (44.19% vs 18.60%, P = 0.011). The percentage of definite PTB, tuberculous pleurisy and tuberculous meningitis increased from 67.12% to 78.77%, 61.11% to 69.44% and 23.26% to 51.16%, respectively after integrating Xpert Ultra outcomes. The specificity of Xpert Ultra and Xpert was 96.75% (238/246) and 98.37% (242/246), respectively. Xpert Ultra and Xpert performed similarly in detecting rifampicin resistance.Conclusion Xpert Ultra has higher sensitivity but relatively reduced specificity compared with Xpert in diagnosis of paucibacillary TB. Performing Xpert Ultra would improve the definite diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous pleurisy and tuberculous meningitis.
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Of 1013 tests performed, the percentage of inconclusive Xpert Ultra results in pleural fluid was 0.3%.
“Of the total 1013 tests performed, the percentage of inconclusive Xpert Ultra results was 0.3%. Only one study reported this information (Wang 2019).”
From Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert MTB/RIF assays for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults (2021) · cites this paper as Wang 2019
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- Authors
- Wang, G., Wang, S., Jiang, G., Yang, X., Huang, M., Huo, F., Ma, Y., Dai, G., Li, W., Chen, X., & Huang, H.
- Affiliations
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Guirong
- Chen, Xiaoyou
- Huang, Hairong
- Venue
- Journal of Infection
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-04
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 311-316
- ISSN
- 0163-4453 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2915352960
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9
- FWCI
- 9.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Infection (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81703632, 81672065, 31600107)
- Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals (DFL20181602)
- Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development (ZYLX201809)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Keywords
- Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, Xpert MTB/RIF, paucibacillary tuberculosis, smear-negative tuberculosis, pleural tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis, sensitivity and specificity, rifampicin resistance, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, drug susceptibility testing
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibiotics, Antitubercular, Female, Humans, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sputum, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Meningeal, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Young Adult
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