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Predicting Absolute Ligand Binding Free Energies to a Simple Model Site
Open accessAbstract
A central challenge in structure-based ligand design is the accurate prediction of binding free energies. Here we apply alchemical free energy calculations in explicit solvent to predict ligand binding in a model cavity in T4 lysozyme. Even in this simple site, there are challenges. We made systematic improvements, beginning with single poses from docking, then including multiple poses, additional protein conformational changes, and using an improved charge model. Computed absolute binding free energies had an RMS error of 1.9 kcal/mol relative to previously determined experimental values. In blind prospective tests, the methods correctly discriminated between several true ligands and decoys in a set of putative binders identified by docking. In these prospective tests, the RMS error in predicted binding free energies relative to those subsequently determined experimentally was only 0.6 kcal/mol. X-ray crystal structures of the new ligands bound in the cavity corresponded closely to predictions from the free energy calculations, but sometimes differed from those predicted by docking. Finally, we examined the impact of holding the protein rigid, as in docking, with a view to learning how approximations made in docking affect accuracy and how they may be improved.
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“More rigorous free energy methods such as alchemical binding free energy calculations have become established for the computation of binding free energies of small molecules to proteins with MD.55−60”
From Assessment of the Topology and Oligomerisation States of Coiled Coils Using Metadynamics with Conformational Restraints (2025) · cites this paper as [55]
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“Moreover, in a recent study analyzing the effect of various charge models in docking results it was concluded that the quantum mechanical charge calculation method yielded significantly better docking results [15,18], both in terms of binding geometry and energy.”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- Mobley, D. L., Graves, A. P., Chodera, J. D., McReynolds, A. C., Shoichet, B. K., & Dill, K. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shoichet, Brian K.
- Dill, Ken A.
- Venue
- Journal of Molecular Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 371
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1118-1134
- ISSN
- 0022-2836 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2104542
- OpenAlex
- W2128494768
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 23.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health (GM63592)
- U.S. Air Force
- University of California, San Francisco
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM063592, R56GM063592, R01GM034993, GM59957, R01GM059957, GM63592)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Drug Discovery › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Keywords
- absolute binding free energy, alchemical free energy calculations, T4 lysozyme, structure-based ligand design, explicit solvent, protein conformational change, charge model, docking, decoy discrimination, protein-ligand binding
- MeSH terms
- Binding Sites, Computer Simulation, Ligands, Models, Molecular, Protein Binding, Proteins, Temperature, Titrimetry, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Crystallography, X-Ray, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
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