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Cited by 64RNA Research and SplicingGenomics and Chromatin DynamicsNuclear Structure and Function

Nuclear Protein Condensates and Their Properties in Regulation of Gene Expression

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Li, Wei, Jiang, Hao·2022·Journal of Molecular Biology
DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167151PMC PMC9012237
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Abstract

Our understanding of the spatiotemporal regulation of eukaryotic gene expression has recently been greatly stimulated by the findings that many of the regulators of chromatin, transcription, and RNA processing form biomolecular condensates often assembled through liquid-liquid phase separation. Increasing number of reports suggest that these condensates functionally regulate gene expression, largely by concentrating the relevant biomolecules in the liquid-like micro-compartments. However, it remains poorly understood how the physicochemical properties, especially the material properties, of the condensates regulate gene expression activity. In this review, we discuss current data on various nuclear condensates and their biophysical properties with the underlying molecular interactions, and how they may functionally impact gene expression at the level of chromatin organization and activities, transcription, and RNA processing.

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  • Current results strongly suggest that the demixing of enhancer- and promoter-associated proteins results in the assembly of a phase condensate that keeps the enhancer and promoter in spatial proximity.

    “Current results strongly suggest that the demixing of enhancer- and promoter-associated proteins results in the assembly of a phase condensate that keeps the enhancer and promoter in spatial proximity [97,98,99].”

    From Enhancer Function in the 3D Genome (2023) · cites this paper as [97]

    The Transcriptional condensates section reports that proteins assemble into phase-separated condensates at enhancers and bring activated enhancers into spatial proximity. It does not say that enhancer- and promoter-associated proteins jointly demix to form a condensate that keeps an enhancer and promoter close. The Chromatin-related condensates section mentions promoter–enhancer loops, but does not establish that condensates maintain them; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Li, W., & Jiang, H.
Affiliations
University of Virginia (US)
Corresponding author
Jiang, Hao
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Molecular Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-01
Volume
434
Issue
1
Pages
167151
ISSN
0022-2836 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167151
PMC
PMC9012237
OpenAlex
W3177909267
Cited by
64
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4
FWCI
1.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Molecular Biology (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Defense (BC190343)
  • American Cancer Society (128609-RSG-15-166-01-DMC)
  • Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
  • National Institutes of Health (1 R21 CA257936-01)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
Keywords
biomolecular condensates, liquid-liquid phase separation, gene expression regulation, chromatin organization, transcriptional regulation, RNA processing, molecular interactions
MeSH terms
Biomolecular Condensates, Cell Nucleus, Chromatin, Gene Expression Regulation, Nuclear Proteins, RNA Polymerase II, RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional, Transcription, Genetic, Biophysical Phenomena

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