Cited by 901RNA Research and SplicingNuclear Structure and FunctionGenomics and Chromatin Dynamics

A framework for understanding the functions of biomolecular condensates across scales

Open access
Lyon, Andrew S., Peeples, William B., Rosen, Michael K.·2021·Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology

Abstract

Biomolecular condensates are found throughout eukaryotic cells, including in the nucleus, in the cytoplasm and on membranes. They are also implicated in a wide range of cellular functions, organizing molecules that act in processes ranging from RNA metabolism to signalling to gene regulation. Early work in the field focused on identifying condensates and understanding how their physical properties and regulation arise from molecular constituents. Recent years have brought a focus on understanding condensate functions. Studies have revealed functions that span different length scales: from molecular (modulating the rates of chemical reactions) to mesoscale (organizing large structures within cells) to cellular (facilitating localization of cellular materials and homeostatic responses). In this Roadmap, we discuss representative examples of biochemical and cellular functions of biomolecular condensates from the recent literature and organize these functions into a series of non-exclusive classes across the different length scales. We conclude with a discussion of areas of current interest and challenges in the field, and thoughts about how progress may be made to further our understanding of the widespread roles of condensates in cell biology.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41580-020-00303-z

Cites

238 of 238 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [179]Beutel O, Maraspini R, Pombo-Garcia K, Martin-Lemaitre C & Honigmann A Phase Separation of Zonula Occludens Proteins Drives Formation of Tight Junctions. Cell 179, 923– 936 e911, doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.011 (2019). 31675499 · DOI
  2. [187]Altmeyer M Liquid demixing of intrinsically disordered proteins is seeded by poly(ADP-ribose). Nat Commun 6, 8088 (2015). 26286827 PMC4560800
  3. [198]Pessina F Functional transcription promoters at DNA double-strand breaks mediate RNA-driven phase separation of damage-response factors. Nat Cell Biol 21, 1286– 1299, doi: 10.1038/s41556-019-0392-4 (2019). 31570834 PMC6859070 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Lyon, A. S., Peeples, W. B., & Rosen, M. K.
Affiliations
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Rosen, Michael K.
Venue
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
Published
2020-11-09
Volume
22
Issue
3
Pages
215-235
ISSN
  • 1471-0072 (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-0080
OpenAlex
W3099323319
Cited by
895
References
233
Citations by year
2026: 149 · 2025: 186 · 2024: 175 · 2023: 172 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 2
FWCI
9.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (F32GM136058)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Keywords
biomolecular condensates, liquid-liquid phase separation, length scales, RNA metabolism, gene expression regulation, cell organization, signal transduction, reaction rate, cellular homeostasis
MeSH terms
Animals, Biochemical Phenomena, Cell Physiological Phenomena, Cytoplasm, Eukaryotic Cells, Humans, Organelles, Macromolecular Substances, Multiprotein Complexes, Protein Aggregates

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review