The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Innate immunity in the retina: Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Open accessAbstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial components of innate immunity that participate in host defense against microbial pathogens. We evaluated the expression and function of TLRs in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Real time PCR analysis revealed gene expression for TLRs 1–7, 9, and 10 in RPE cells. TLRs 1 and 3 were the most highly expressed TLRs. Protein expression for TLRs 2, 3, and 4 was observed on RPE cells and this expression was augmented by treatment with poly I:C or interferon-γ (IFN-γ). TLR 3 is the receptor for dsRNA, an intermediate of virus replication. Because RPE cells express TLR 3 and are frequently the site of virus replication within the retina, we evaluated TLR 3 signaling. RPE cells treated with poly I:C produced IFN-β but not IFN-α, and this was inhibited by the treatment of RPE cells with anti-TLR 3 antibody. Human recombinant IFN-β was shown to be biologically active on RPE cells by inhibiting viral replication. Poly I:C treatment of RPE resulted in an increase in the production of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and sICAM-1. The presence of TLRs on RPE cells and the resultant TLR signaling in RPE cells suggest that these molecules may play an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses within the retina.
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Takeda, K., Kaisho, T., & Akira, S. (2003) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126 · Cited by 6,143
Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3
Alexopoulou, L., Holt, A. C., Medzhitov, R., & Flavell, R. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35099560 · Cited by 6,129
Innate Immunity: The Virtues of a Nonclonal System of Recognition
Medzhitov, R., & Janeway, C. A. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80412-2 · Cited by 2,434
Oxidative damage and protection of the RPE
Cai, J., Nelson, K. C., Wu, M., Sternberg, P., & Jones, D. P. (2000) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s1350-9462(99)00009-9 · Cited by 628
The retinal pigment epithelium: a versatile partner in vision
Bok, D. (1993) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.1993.supplement_17.27 · Cited by 593
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kumar, M. V., Nagineni, C. N., Chin, M. S., Hooks, J. J., & Detrick, B.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroimmunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 153
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 7-15
- ISSN
- 0165-5728 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2047694702
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 3.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Kumar, M. V., Nagineni, C. N., Chin, M. S., Hooks, J. J., & Detrick, B. (2004). Innate immunity in the retina: Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Journal of Neuroimmunology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.04.018
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
