Therapeutic potentials of ginger for treatment of Multiple sclerosis: A review with emphasis on its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by chronic inflammatory response-induced demyelination of the neurons and degeneration of the axons within the central nervous system (CNS). A complex network of immunopathological-, inflammatory- and oxidative parameters involve in the development and advancement of MS. The anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative characteristics of the ginger and several of its components have been indicated in some of experimental and clinical investigations. The possible therapeutic potentials of ginger and its ingredients in the treatment of MS may exert mainly through the regulation of the Th1-, Th2-, Th9-, Th17-, Th22- and Treg cell-related immune responses, down-regulation of the B cell-related immune responses, modulation of the macrophages-related responses, modulation of the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, down-regulation of the arachidonic acid-derived mediators, interfering with the toll like receptor-related signaling pathways, suppression of the inflammasomes, down-regulation of the oxidative stress, reduction of the adhesion molecules expression, and down-regulation of the expression of the chemokines and chemokine receptors. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive knowledge regarding the immunomodulatory-, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of ginger and its components, and highlight novel insights into the possible therapeutic potentials of this plant for treatment of MS. The review…
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Ginger supplementation at doses up to 4000 mg/d is generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
“ginger supplementation at doses up to 4000 mg/d is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) [50].”
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“In addition, ginger supplementation at doses up to 4000 mg/d is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) [50].”
Background
- Authors
- Jafarzadeh, A., & Nemati, M.
- Affiliations
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Jafarzadeh, Abdollah
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroimmunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-11
- Volume
- 324
- Pages
- 54-75
- ISSN
- 0165-5728 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2890502293
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroimmunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Information System of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (Ardabil University of Medical Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Medical Research Development
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Ginger and Zingiberaceae research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, ginger, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, demyelination, cytokines, Toll-like receptor signaling, inflammasome, oxidative stress, chemokines, adhesion molecules, macrophages, B cells
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antioxidants, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Multiple Sclerosis, Plant Extracts, Oxidative Stress, Zingiber officinale
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