Classification of osteoarthritis biomarkers: a proposed approach
Open accessAbstract
Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) biomarkers are needed by researchers and clinicians to assist in disease diagnosis and assessment of disease severity, risk of onset, and progression. As effective agents for OA are developed and tested in clinical studies, biomarkers that reliably mirror or predict the progression or amelioration of OA will also be needed. Methods The NIH-funded OA Biomarkers Network is a multidisciplinary group interested in the development and validation of OA biomarkers. This review summarizes our efforts to characterize and classify OA biomarkers. Results We propose the "BIPED" biomarker classification (which stands for Burden of Disease, Investigative, Prognostic, Efficacy of Intervention and Diagnostic), and offer suggestions on optimal study design and analytic methods for use in OA investigations. Conclusion The BIPED classification provides specific biomarker definitions with the goal of improving our ability to develop and analyze OA biomarkers, and to communicate these advances within a common framework.
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An integrated framework synthesizing circulating biomarkers, synovial fluid analysis, quantitative imaging parameters, and clinical evaluation can enable clinicians to detect disease earlier, stratify patients by disease subtypes, predict progression trajectories, and monitor therapeutic responses with greater precision.
“By synthesizing information from circulating biomarkers, synovial fluid analysis, quantitative imaging parameters, and clinical evaluation, an integrated framework can help facilitate holistic orthopedic care and enable clinicians to detect disease earlier, stratify patients according to disease subtypes, predict progression trajectories, and monitor therapeutic responses with greater precision [9”
From Biomarker-Guided Imaging and AI-Augmented Diagnosis of Degenerative Joint Disease (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
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“…and clinical evaluation, an integrated framework can help facilitate holistic orthopedic care and enable clinicians to detect disease earlier, stratify patients according to disease subtypes, predict progression trajectories, and monitor therapeutic responses with greater precision [9–11].”
- Authors
- Bauer, D. C., Hunter, D. J., Abramson, S. B., Attur, M., Corr, M., Felson, D., Heinegård, D., Jordan, J. M., Kepler, T. B., Lane, N. E., Saxne, T., Tyree, B., & Kraus, V. B.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Boston University (US)
- New York University Langone Orthopedic Hospital (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Lund University (SE)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bauer, D.C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 723-727
- ISSN
- 1063-4584 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1974511102
- Cited by
- 405
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 10.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hip disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- osteoarthritis, biomarkers, biomarker classification, disease burden, prognostic factors, diagnostic biomarkers, disease progression, research design, analytical methods
- MeSH terms
- Arthrography, Humans, Osteoarthritis, Prognosis, Rheumatology, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Odds Ratio, Treatment Outcome, Disease Progression
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