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Cited by 22Climate Change and Health ImpactsThermoregulation and physiological responsesTravel-related health issues

Endurance athletes and climate change

Open access
Nowak, Andrew S., Kennelley, Gabrielle E., Krabak, Brian J., Roberts, William O., Tenforde, Kate M., Tenforde, Adam S.·2022·The Journal of Climate Change and Health
DOI 10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100118
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Abstract

Climate change has contributed to increases in the Earth's temperature since the beginning of the industrial age and the warming has accelerated in the last four decades. While climate change has negative impacts on overall global health, more recent events have highlighted the effects on endurance athletes. Endurance athletes primarily train and compete outdoors and are affected by changes in the environment. Notably, climate change contributes to extreme weather, which can result in heat illness; pulmonary disease secondary to air pollution; and an increased risk of infections (i.e., tick-borne and mosquito-borne illness) due to habitat alterations. Elevated environmental temperatures can lead to exertional heat illness (heat exhaustion, heat injury, and heat stroke) and contribute to dehydration with electrolyte disturbances. Hot, dry environments also increase the number and severity of wildfires that affect weather patterns and raise the amount of particulate matter in the air, contributing to air pollution and pulmonary issues. Lyme disease is now the most common tick vector-borne disease and climate change is expanding the geography that harbors tick species carrying the infectious agent. For these reasons, endurance athletes are a unique population to explore the impacts of climate change on sport participation and illness. As governments, sports organizations, multinational corporations, and others address the impact of climate change, athletes, coaches, race organizations, and healthcare providers should begin to consider strategies that mitigate the health concerns of climate change related to training and competitions.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100118

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  • Sports tourists spectating events during warm-weather months are at heightened risk to thermal stress.

    “Yet, when sports tourism occurs during warm-weather months, sports tourists spectating events are at heightened risks to thermal facets of the atmosphere, otherwise known as thermal stress (Nowak et al. 2022; Orr et al. 2022).”

    From Forecasting thermal stress for sports tourists at the 2026 FIFA World Cup (2024) · cites this paper as Nowak et al. 2022

  • Thermal stress risks are intensified by warming temperatures with a changing climate.

    “Thermal stress risks are further intensified by warming temperatures with a changing climate (Nowak et al. 2022; Orr et al. 2022).”

    From Forecasting thermal stress for sports tourists at the 2026 FIFA World Cup (2024) · cites this paper as Nowak et al. 2022

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Authors
Nowak, A. S., Kennelley, G. E., Krabak, B. J., Roberts, W. O., Tenforde, K. M., & Tenforde, A. S.
Affiliations
  • Central Michigan University (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
  • University of Minnesota (US)
  • Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Tenforde, Adam S.
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Climate Change and Health
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-05
Volume
6
Pages
100118
ISSN
2667-2782 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100118
OpenAlex
W4210432894
Cited by
22
References
92
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2
FWCI
1.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Journal of Climate Change and Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Travel-related health issues
Keywords
climate change, endurance athletes, heat-related illness, heat exhaustion, heatstroke, dehydration, air pollution, particulate matter, lung disease, Lyme disease, tick-borne diseases, forest fires, extreme weather events, sports participation, climate change mitigation strategies

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